Soudan, Minnesota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 3a — room for a real mix of vegetables, fruit, and perennials matched to the local frost calendar.
Reliable performers under these conditions include cabbage, cranberry, epazote, and collard greens; what your own ground favors still comes down to its soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Soudan, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Soudan lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Soudan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Soudan — the short answer
Soudan, Minnesota: USDA zone 3a, about 125 days between hard freezes, across 435 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 3a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- May 18
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Sep 20
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~125
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 435 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 3a is Soudan's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Soudan's 125-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Soudan
Each reading below is measured for Soudan itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredSoudan runs about 125 days between hard freezes — a short growing season.
Long-maturing crops like melons, sweet potatoes, and winter squash can run out of runway before the first hard freeze, ripening late or not at all.
Lead with fast-maturing varieties, and stretch the season on both ends with cold frames, low tunnels, or a greenhouse.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredSoudan sits in USDA hardiness zone 3a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Soudan is in
Soudan sits in the Northern Lakes and Forests — EPA Level III, inside the wider Northern Forests. That is read at Soudan's own centroid rather than borrowed from St. Louis County.
What Grows in Soudan
Every plant below cleared Soudan's own zone 3a and its 125-day season. Each card opens that plant's Minnesota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Soudan?
Usually not — gardeners here simply switch what goes in the ground as the season moves. Cool-season crops can go in from around Apr 20; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near May 18 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Sep 20 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. In a season this compact, fast finishers and cold-hardy greens do the late work, and garlic tucked in before the freeze repays you next summer.
What's on the federal record near Soudan
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Soudan. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- US STEEL - KEEWATIN TACONITE OPERATIONSBrownfields · 1800 ft
- Soudan Only StoreUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.5 mi
- U OF M - UNDERGROUND PHYSICSBrownfields · 0.8 mi
- TOWER-BREITUNG WATER TREATMENBrownfields · 1.0 mi
- BOBS STANDARD SVCBrownfields · 1.7 mi
- Bobs Standard ServiceUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.7 mi
- ISD 2142 TOWER SCHOOLBrownfields · 1.8 mi
- Vermillion Food and FuelUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- Dept Of Natural Resources ForestryUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.0 mi
- MINNESOTA DNR TRAILS & WATERWAYSBrownfields · 2.5 mi
- MDNR Soudan State ParkUnderground Storage Tanks · 3.0 mi
- BOIS FORTE VERMILION CLINICBrownfields · 4.0 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Soudan's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Soudan.
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Soudan
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Soudan
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Soudan, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 10 sites within ~10 miles of Soudan. That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Soudan
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Soudan average
Your land is one point inside Soudan
Everything above resolves to Soudan as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 435 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Soudan Average
Soudan Average
- ●USDA Zones 3a, averaged across Soudan
- ●One soil character for all of Soudan
- ●Frost dates read at Soudan's scale: May 18 to Sep 20
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Soudan's 3a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Soudan
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Soudan, Minnesota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Soudan averages can't show:
We read public map data around Soudan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Soudan average
How we know this about Soudan
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Soudan’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Soudan
When does frost risk typically end in Soudan?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Soudan typically lands around May 18, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about Jun 8.
When is the first frost in Soudan?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Soudan typically arrives around Sep 20, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Sep 6, so the watching starts about Aug 21 — about 125 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Soudan?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Soudan sees about 125 frost-free days — roughly May 18 through Sep 20, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer Jun 8 to Sep 6, about 90 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Soudan?
The federal record around Soudan is light — 37 documented sites across the 9 federal source types we checked, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (19), the nearest Brownfields record about 0.3 miles out — and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. Growing food here starts from a strong position; a soil test before new food beds settles any site-specific question.
How do gardeners stretch the season in Soudan?
With about 125 frost-free days between hard freezes, Soudan rewards the classic extension moves: floating row cover buys roughly two to four extra weeks at each shoulder — on this season that is a working window nearer 153 to 181 days — and cold frames or low tunnels buy more. Starting transplants indoors ahead of the May 18 hard-freeze normal stretches the season without touching the calendar.
Everything above is measured at Soudan's scale — its 3a band and its 125-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Soudan's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Soudan’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Soudan's own scale — its own ~125-day season between 28°F freezes, the 435 acres it covers and 37 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Soudan's own USDA hardiness band, zones 3aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Soudan's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about May 18 and Sep 20 and the ~125-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 37 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Soudan, the closest Brownfields record about 0.3 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Soudan's boundary and the 435 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 3a and a ~125-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Soudan's own centroid, the Northern Lakes and ForestsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Soudan's 435 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom St. Louis County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom St. Louis County
- The growing challenges every Minnesota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Minnesota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom St. Louis County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Soudan's 435 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Soudan you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 435 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Brownfields record about 0.3 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Soudan-wide figureread your own land →
More in Minnesota
Wider growing context
What grows across MinnesotaSoudan sits outside our named growing regions, so Minnesota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides