Mercer County, in West Virginia, sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a — enough range to grow cool-season vegetables, hardy fruit, and warm-season crops that mature before the first hard frost.
Expect cabbage, pawpaw, california poppy, and collard greens to be strong candidates here; the deciding factors on any one parcel stay local — soil, sun, and drainage.
Mercer County lies within Appalachia — a regional growing area with its own character.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Mercer County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Mercer County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Mercer County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Mercer County — the short answer
Mercer County, West Virginia: USDA zone 7a, about 199 days between hard freezes, across 268K acres.
- USDA zone
- 7a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 10
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 26
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~199
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 268K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 7a is Mercer County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Mercer County's 199-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat in Mercer County
Across a year, Mercer County accumulates about 2,845 growing degree days above 50°F, about 165 fewer than the middle West Virginia county — ahead of 16 of West Virginia’s 55 counties. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Mercer County
Across Mercer County, the ground is predominantly Ultisols, where Gilpin, Berks, and Cateache are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally well drained with a channery silt loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 4.6–5.3, very strongly acidic. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group C soils.
Soil order
Ultisols
Drainage
Well drained
Prime farmland
3%
Hydric soils
0%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Mercer County
The USDA soil survey maps 86% of Mercer County as well drained — but another 10% drains differently: 8% moderately well drained, 2% somewhat poorly drained.
Gilpin is the most extensive named soil at 21% of mapped acres, then Berks (20%) and Cateache (15%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Mercer County
Each reading below is measured for Mercer County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Mercer County are well drained, in hydrologic group C — ground that drains quickly.
The upside is soil you can work early in spring and roots that never drown; the cost is that fast-draining ground dries out fast and leaches nutrients away before plants can use them.
Work in compost and mulch to hold moisture and feed, and water more often in short doses than deep and rarely.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Mercer County runs about pH 4.6–5.3, on the acidic side.
Blueberries, potatoes, and rhododendrons thrive in it, but most vegetables start locking out nutrients below about pH 6.0 and grow pale and stunted no matter how much you feed them.
A measured lime application raises pH for the crops that need it — but test first, because the right rate depends on your own soil, not the county average.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredMercer County runs about 199 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredMercer County sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Mercer County is in
Mercer County spans 2 EPA Level III ecoregions — Central Appalachians (90%) and Ridge and Valley (10%). Which one your land falls in changes what grows wild there and how the ground behaves, and a county-wide answer cannot tell you which.
What Grows in Mercer County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Mercer County's own USDA zone 7a and its own 199-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's West Virginia profile.
Is it too late to plant in Mercer County?
Almost never — the real question is what to plant next. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 13; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 10 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 26 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
Documented around Mercer County
Survey cells within 31 miles of Mercer County checked for spotted lanternfly, none carrying a detection — a surveyed negative, not an absence of looking. Nearest documented record 32 miles off. What to watch for.
- Japanese beetle2 documented records
- monarch butterfly105 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Mercer County
USGS estimates 3,214 lb of Triclopyr on Mercer County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Glyphosate (2,519 lb) and 2,4-d (839 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Mercer County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Mercer County — 489 documented sites across 6 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 4 Superfund sites (none NPL-listed). Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
There's a meaningful federal record across Mercer County — worth a look before you plant food, not a reason to hold back from growing. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. A soil test before new food beds is the sensible precaution here, and the map shows exactly which sites sit where, so you can see what's actually near you.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Mercer County
Closest first, across Mercer County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- ATHENS TOWN OFPFAS · 25 ft
- GREEN VALLEY GLENWOOD PSD GLENWOODPFAS · 25 ft
- VILLAGE STOREUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.5 mi
- MC SOLID WASTE AUTHORITYUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.5 mi
- DOMINION HARDWOODS INCToxics Release Inventory · 1.5 mi
- J'S GROCERYUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.5 mi
- DOLLAR GENERAL STORE #16628Brownfields · 1.6 mi
- HODGES GROCERYUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.6 mi
- BLUE FLASHUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.6 mi
- LITTLE GENERAL STORE #2268Brownfields · 1.9 mi
- LITTLE GENERAL # 2268Underground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- SHAWNEE TRADING POSTUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Mercer County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Mercer County.
Total Sites
489
across Mercer County
Risk Level
Elevated
Highest-severity
4 Superfund sites (none NPL-listed)
Sources Checked
across Mercer County
Severity Distribution
across Mercer County
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Mercer County, PFAS runs higher than the national average — 5 sites across Mercer County. Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
PFAS: PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are called "forever chemicals" because they do not biodegrade.
Test irrigation water source — this is the primary pathway for PFAS to reach garden crops.
Check your specific parcel in Mercer County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Mercer County average
Your land is one point inside Mercer County
Everything above resolves to Mercer County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 268K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Mercer County Average
Mercer County Average
- ●USDA Zones 7a, averaged across Mercer County
- ●One soil character for all of Mercer County
- ●Frost dates read at Mercer County's scale: Apr 10 to Oct 26
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Mercer County's 7a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Mercer County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Mercer County, West Virginia — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Mercer County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Mercer County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Mercer County average
How we know this about Mercer County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Mercer County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Mercer County
When does frost risk typically end in Mercer County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Mercer County typically lands around Apr 10, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 1.
How long is the growing season in Mercer County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Mercer County sees about 199 frost-free days — roughly Apr 10 through Oct 26, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 1 to Oct 12, about 164 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Mercer County?
The federal record around Mercer County is a meaningful one — 489 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (284), the nearest PFAS record under a tenth of a mile out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
Everything above is measured at Mercer County's scale — its 7a band and its 199-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Mercer County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads West Virginia's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Mercer County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Mercer County's own scale — its own ~199-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 489 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Mercer County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 7aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Mercer County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~199-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Mercer CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 489 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest PFAS record under a tenth of a mile outFederal environmental registers
- Mercer County's boundary and the 268,135 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 7a and a ~199-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The 2 ecoregions Mercer County spans, Central Appalachians the largestUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Mercer County for 2 tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Mercer County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every West Virginia grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom West Virginia
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Mercer County — the ~199 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Mercer County's 268,135 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 489 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Mercer Countyread your own land →