Unlikely — Zone Mismatch
annatto (zones 10-12) does not overlap with New Mexico's zone range (5a-9a). Growing outdoors is unlikely without significant protection.
One zone short — what would close it
Annatto is hardy to zone 10, and the warmest ground in New Mexico is zone 9 — 1 zone short. Planted in open ground it will not survive a New Mexico winter. To grow it here, grow annatto in a container and move it under cover for the coldest weeks, or give it a greenhouse.
Season extension and overwintering under cover both work at this margin. How to buy the weeks →
Zone math from 10-12 (plant) against 4-9 (New Mexico). Lift modeled by crop_engine Sprint 20B effective_zone_modifier (+2 zones) via api/fast_sections.py Unlock Engine v2.
Your yard isn't the whole zone.
New Mexico spans zones 5a-9a, but your yard sits in exactly one — and slope, tree cover, and cold-air pockets nudge it further. Enter your address and we'll score annatto against your parcel's actual hardiness, soil, and sun.
We read public map data for this spot — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Zone Comparison
Annatto Needs
- USDA Zones: 10-12
- Frost-Free Days: 150+
- Sun: Full Sun
New Mexico Has
- USDA Zones: 5a-9a
- Last Hard Freeze (28°F): Mar 31 - Apr 19
- First Hard Freeze (28°F): Oct 22 - Nov 9
- Annual Rainfall: 8-20 inches
- Common Soils: Sandy loam, Caliche, Adobe clay
Plant Zone Range (zones 10-12)
Preferred Soil pH
Plant data: USDA PLANTS Database / Growable Ground plant catalog. State data: USDA ARS PHZM 2023, NOAA Climate Normals, NRCS SSURGO.
When to Plant Annatto in New Mexico
The frost window
Across New Mexico, the last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Mar 31 and Apr 19, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 22 and Nov 9 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Counting from the latest last freeze to the earliest first freeze, that's a 186-day window you can count on — up to 223 days on a mild site in a kind year. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost, so tender transplants usually wait another 2-3 weeks.
Winter standing
New Mexico runs as cold as USDA zone 5, and no sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for annatto, so this page does not state whether it overwinters here — and gives no fall establishment date on the strength of a guess. Whether annatto is a permanent planting or a replant-every-spring crop for you turns on your own zone within New Mexico; check its hardiness range against that before treating it as long-lived ground.
Timing tuned to sub-state frost dates — Catron County, not the statewide average.
Frost window: NOAA Climate Normals 1991-2020. Plant timing fields: USDA PLANTS Database. Your site's own frost dates can run earlier or later than the state range — a parcel report pins them down.
Growing Season Fit
The zone check says annatto does not survive a New Mexico winter in the ground. The season figures below measure a different question — whether it could finish a season here at all — and they only bear on New Mexico under protection.
Frost-free days
Annatto wants 150+ frost-free days; a typical New Mexico site sees ~209 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). That leaves a workable window — start indoors to bank time.
GDD and chill-hour figures are computed from PRISM 1991-2020 monthly climate normals; frost-free days from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020. Each is the state median across its counties (P25/P75 span the within-state spread). Hardiness-zone range is USDA PHZM 2023.
Soil + Drainage Fit
Annatto tolerates a wide pH range (pH 4.5-8.5) — 4 units, acid ground through alkaline — so soil acidity is rarely what limits it in New Mexico. A soil test is still worth having, but for what else it tells you about this site, not to clear this plant. It will grow across that whole span, but it does best between pH 5.5 and 7.5 — worth knowing before you decide whether a New Mexico soil test result is a problem or just a number. Drainage matters: this plant wants well (dry spells). If your New Mexico site is heavier clay or sits in a low spot, raised beds or amendment with compost solve it.
Your land, not the state average
New Mexico's soils run mostly loam, but SSURGO maps the series, texture, and drainage under your exact parcel. Annatto needs about 59 inches of workable depth, so it is that horizon — not the surface — you are testing for. That map unit, not the state average, decides how annatto performs.
Check your parcel → Source: USDA NRCS SSURGO.
Plant pH and drainage requirements from USDA PLANTS Database. New Mexico soil profile from USDA NRCS SSURGO. Site-specific verification: a 30-minute soil test from your local Extension lab.
Annatto in New Mexico — Quick Answer
- Verdict: Unlikely — Zone Mismatch
- Plant Zones: 10-12 (USDA PLANTS Database)
- State Zones: 5a-9a (USDA ARS PHZM 2023)
- Growing Season: 28°F hard freezes about Mar 31 - Apr 19 to Oct 22 - Nov 9 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020)
What Else to Consider for Annatto in New Mexico
Zone compatibility tells you about winter cold survival — but New Mexico growers also need to think about:
Very low rainfall requires irrigation for most crops
High altitude UV intensity can burn tender transplants
Alkaline soils limit plant selection without amendment
Growing annatto here specifically
Annatto prefers pH 4.5–8.5 and room to root deep; across much of New Mexico, restrictive group-D subsoil (SSURGO) blocks that depth.
Build annatto a deep raised bed of loose soil to bypass the dense subsoil entirely. How to handle it →
What to actually do about these — and the constraints that apply to every New Mexico grower, not just annatto — is covered on the New Mexico growing guide.
Timing shifts within New Mexico
New Mexico isn't one climate. In Catron County, the last hard freeze (28°F) holds until about May 22 — roughly 43 days later than the recorded state median — so plant annatto to your county's window, not the statewide date.
Annatto needs about 150 days of frost-free season to complete its cycle. 32 of New Mexico’s 33 counties give it that outright. The tightest that does is Cibola County at 150 frost-free days — 0 to spare. Below that line you are transplanting or extending the season, not direct-sowing.
Across New Mexico’s 33 counties the frost-free season runs from 144 days in Catron County to 264 days in Doña Ana County — a spread of 120 days, which is why a single statewide planting date misleads. The median New Mexico county sees 209 frost-free days, leaving annatto about 59 days of slack on a typical parcel — room for a second sowing where the season runs long.
County last-freeze dates and frost-free day counts: NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS (1991-2020), county 28°F freeze (earlier than the folk 32°F "last frost"). Annatto's 150-day requirement: USDA PLANTS / Growable Ground plant database (minimum frost-free days). A parcel report resolves your address's own frost dates.
Pollinator + Wildlife Value
Annatto draws honeybees and native bees (moderate value, Growable Ground Plant Database). Planting it near vegetable beds can lift fruit set on neighboring crops. Outdoors, annatto can only work that bloom inside New Mexico's frost window — roughly 209 days, opening after the last 28°F freeze (Mar 31 - Apr 19) and closing at the first (Oct 22 - Nov 9), per NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020.
New Mexico Cooperative Extension
For New Mexico-specific cultivar recommendations, planting calendars, and pest pressure for annatto, the canonical source is NMSU Cooperative Extension Service. Their fact sheets carry the local trial data we can't generalize across 50 states.
Is Annatto native to New Mexico?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Annatto as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of New Mexico's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few New Mexico natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
Looking for plants that belong here? The New Mexico growing guide lists USDA-documented natives for the state.
Native-range data: USDA PLANTS Database state-distribution records, accessed 2026-07-01.
Common Questions About Growing Annatto in New Mexico
When can I plant Annatto in New Mexico?
New Mexico's last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Mar 31 and Apr 19, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 22 and Nov 9 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). No sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for Annatto, so this page does not state whether it overwinters in New Mexico and publishes no fall establishment date for it — check its hardiness range against your own zone before treating it as a permanent planting.
What hardiness zone is Annatto grown in across New Mexico?
New Mexico spans USDA hardiness zones 5a-9a (USDA ARS PHZM 2023). Annatto carries a range of zones 10-12, so the overlap zones are where outdoor growing is most reliable.
How many frost-free days does a typical New Mexico site have?
A typical New Mexico site sees ~209 frost-free days per year (derived from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Annatto needs 150+ frost-free days, so check whether your local microclimate runs above or below the state average before settling on a planting date. In cooler counties like Catron, the freeze-free season runs shorter than the state average, so verify your own county's window.
Is Annatto native to New Mexico?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Annatto as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of New Mexico's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few New Mexico natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
How should I amend the soil for Annatto in New Mexico?
Annatto tolerates pH 4.5-8.5 and well (dry spells) drainage (FAO ECOCROP). That is a 4-unit span, acid ground through alkaline, so pH is rarely what limits this plant on a New Mexico site — amend for drainage and organic matter first.
Will Annatto actually grow on my specific land in New Mexico?
State-level zone + climate data is a sketch. A Growable Ground parcel report scores annatto against your address's exact soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost-date data drawn from USDA SSURGO, NOAA, and PRISM — not state averages.
Check your specific parcel in New Mexico
State-level data is a sketch. Your Growable Ground report scores annatto against your parcel's exact soil, sun, drainage, and frost data — not zone averages.
Three things about your lot that New Mexico annatto averages can't show:
We read public map data around New Mexico — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the New Mexico annatto average
Explore More
Growing guides for annatto
Analysis by the Growable Ground research team, grounded in USDA PLANTS, USDA NRCS SSURGO, NOAA Climate Normals (1991-2020), and named Cooperative Extension sources. How we know →
Cite this dataset
Kirchick, M. (2026). Growable Ground Plant Database [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21435643
Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21435643
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