Decatur County, in Iowa, sits in USDA hardiness zone 5b — a band that supports both cool-season staples and warm-season crops chosen to fit the local frost window.
A short list that earns its place here — cabbage, cranberry, lavender, and collard greens — with any one site's soil, sun, and drainage making the final cut.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Decatur County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Decatur County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Decatur County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Decatur County — the short answer
Decatur County, Iowa: USDA zone 5b, about 196 days between hard freezes, across 340K acres.
- USDA zone
- 5b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 10
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 23
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~196
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 340K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 5b is Decatur County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Decatur County's 196-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat in Decatur County
Across a year, Decatur County accumulates about 2,933 growing degree days above 50°F, about 189 more than the middle Iowa county — ahead of 65 of Iowa’s 99 counties. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Decatur County
Across Decatur County, the ground is predominantly Alfisols, where Gara, Lindley, and Armstrong are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally somewhat poorly drained with a clay loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 6.0–6.5, slightly acidic. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group D soils.
Soil order
Alfisols
Drainage
Somewhat poorly drained
Prime farmland
11%
Hydric soils
19%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Decatur County
The USDA soil survey maps 44% of Decatur County as somewhat poorly drained — but another 54% drains differently: 23% well drained, 20% poorly drained.
Gara is the most extensive named soil at 10% of mapped acres, then Lindley (8%) and Armstrong (8%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Decatur County
Each reading below is measured for Decatur County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Decatur County are somewhat poorly drained, in hydrologic group D — ground that sheds water slowly.
Beds can stay saturated for days after heavy rain, and the roots of most vegetables, berries, and fruit trees suffocate or rot in soil that never drains.
Raised beds or mounded rows lift roots above the wet zone; choose water-tolerant crops for the lowest spots.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Decatur County runs about pH 6.0–6.5, close to neutral.
This is the range most vegetables prefer — one correction you probably do not have to make, which is genuinely good news for a new bed.
Keep it there with compost rather than lime or sulfur, and only amend if your own soil test says otherwise.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredDecatur County runs about 196 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredDecatur County sits in USDA hardiness zone 5b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Decatur County is in
Decatur County sits in the Central Irregular Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Great Plains. One consistent ecological setting across the whole county.
What Grows in Decatur County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Decatur County's own USDA zone 5b and its own 196-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's Iowa profile.
Is it too late to plant in Decatur County?
Usually not — gardeners here simply switch what goes in the ground as the season moves. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 13; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 10 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 23 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. Even past midsummer there is room for a true fall garden here, and garlic planted near the close carries the momentum into next year.
Documented around Decatur County
- Japanese beetle2 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Decatur County
USGS estimates 61,087 lb of Glyphosate on Decatur County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Metolachlor & Metolachlor-s (32,860 lb) and Atrazine (24,601 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Decatur County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Decatur County — 87 documented sites across 4 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 11 brownfield sites. Former commercial or industrial land where legacy contamination may persist.
The federal record across Decatur County is a modest one — a typical footprint for a growing area. Nothing here calls for alarm; it's worth knowing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and each one on the map carries its type and location. If one turns out to be a near neighbor, a one-time soil test settles the question.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Decatur County
Closest first, across Decatur County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- IDOTUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.3 mi
- IOWA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONBrownfields · 1.3 mi
- COASTAL MART #1025Underground Storage Tanks · 1.4 mi
- ITC TRANSMISSION - MIDWEST LEONBrownfields · 1.8 mi
- 069N25W29DDDC 14387 1963Leon 4Nitrate · 1.8 mi
- CENT DECATUR COMM SCH BUS BARNUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- LEON SERVICEBrownfields · 1.9 mi
- RICHARD OIL COMPANYUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- CASEY''S GENERAL STORE 1834Underground Storage Tanks · 2.0 mi
- CASEY''SUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.0 mi
- DECATUR CO SECONDARY RD DEPTUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.0 mi
- EDS AUTOBrownfields · 2.0 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Decatur County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Decatur County.
Sources Checked
across Decatur County
Severity Distribution
across Decatur County
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Decatur County, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 24 sites across Decatur County. That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Decatur County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Decatur County average
Your land is one point inside Decatur County
Everything above resolves to Decatur County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 340K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Decatur County Average
Decatur County Average
- ●USDA Zones 5b, averaged across Decatur County
- ●One soil character for all of Decatur County
- ●Frost dates read at Decatur County's scale: Apr 10 to Oct 23
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Decatur County's 5b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Decatur County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Decatur County, Iowa — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Decatur County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Decatur County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Decatur County average
How we know this about Decatur County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Decatur County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Decatur County
When does frost risk typically end in Decatur County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Decatur County typically lands around Apr 10, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 1.
How long is the growing season in Decatur County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Decatur County sees about 196 frost-free days — roughly Apr 10 through Oct 23, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 1 to Oct 9, about 161 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Decatur County?
The federal record around Decatur County shows 87 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (51), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 1.3 miles out — a typical footprint for a growing area, and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. It's worth seeing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and testing the soil before new food beds near any of them.
Everything above is measured at Decatur County's scale — its 5b band and its 196-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Decatur County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads Iowa's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Decatur County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Decatur County's own scale — its own ~196-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 87 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Decatur County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 5bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Decatur County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~196-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Decatur CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 87 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 1.3 miles outFederal environmental registers
- Decatur County's boundary and the 340,405 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 5b and a ~196-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- Decatur County sitting wholly inside the Central Irregular PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Decatur County for a tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Decatur County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every Iowa grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Iowa
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Decatur County — the ~196 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Decatur County's 340,405 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 87 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Decatur Countyread your own land →