Parmelee, South Dakota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 5a — room for a real mix of vegetables, fruit, and perennials matched to the local frost calendar.
On paper, cabbage, cranberry, lavender, and collard greens all suit these conditions — on the ground, soil, sun, and drainage make the final call.
Even in Parmelee, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Parmelee lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Parmelee — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Parmelee — the short answer
Parmelee, South Dakota: USDA zone 5a, about 174 days between hard freezes, across 4K acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 5a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 27
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 18
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~174
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 4K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 5a is Parmelee's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Parmelee's 174-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Parmelee
Each reading below is measured for Parmelee itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredParmelee runs about 174 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredParmelee sits in USDA hardiness zone 5a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Parmelee is in
Parmelee sits in the Northwestern Great Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Great Plains. That is read at Parmelee's own centroid rather than borrowed from Todd County.
What Grows in Parmelee
Every plant below cleared Parmelee's own zone 5a and its 174-day season. Each card opens that plant's South Dakota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Parmelee?
Rarely: the season closes in stages, not all at once, and each stage has its crops. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 30; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 27 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 18 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. Late in the year the fall bench takes over — quick greens, radishes, and garlic that repays you next summer.
What's on the federal record near Parmelee
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Parmelee. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- HE DOG SCHOOLUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.0 mi
- 39N31W27BBBBNitrate · 3.2 mi
- 39N31W27BBBB2Nitrate · 3.2 mi
- KARY'S SERVICEUnderground Storage Tanks · 3.3 mi
- 38N32W11CBDNitrate · 4.2 mi
- 39N32W 6ACNitrate · 6.2 mi
- 40N31W28CAANitrate · 6.6 mi
- 40N32W32BBBBNitrate · 6.7 mi
- 38N31W23ABAD2Nitrate · 7.2 mi
- 38N31W23AAB2Nitrate · 7.3 mi
- 40N31W21AAAA2Nitrate · 7.3 mi
- 38N31W13DABCNitrate · 7.4 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Parmelee's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Parmelee.
Total Sites
52
within ~10 miles of Parmelee
Risk Level
Moderate
Highest-severity
48 nitrate monitoring sites
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Parmelee
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Parmelee
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Parmelee, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 48 sites within ~10 miles of Parmelee. Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Parmelee
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Parmelee average
Your land is one point inside Parmelee
Everything above resolves to Parmelee as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 4K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Parmelee Average
Parmelee Average
- ●USDA Zones 5a, averaged across Parmelee
- ●One soil character for all of Parmelee
- ●Frost dates read at Parmelee's scale: Apr 27 to Oct 18
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Parmelee's 5a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Parmelee
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Parmelee, South Dakota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Parmelee averages can't show:
We read public map data around Parmelee — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Parmelee average
How we know this about Parmelee
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Parmelee’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Parmelee
When does frost risk typically end in Parmelee?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Parmelee typically lands around Apr 27, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 18.
When is the first frost in Parmelee?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Parmelee typically arrives around Oct 18, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 4, so the watching starts about Sep 18 — about 174 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Parmelee?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Parmelee sees about 174 frost-free days — roughly Apr 27 through Oct 18, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 18 to Oct 4, about 139 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Parmelee?
The federal record around Parmelee shows 52 documented sites, mostly Nitrate entries (48), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 1.0 miles out — a typical footprint for a growing area, and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. It's worth seeing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and testing the soil before new food beds near any of them.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Parmelee?
From about Sep 18 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 18 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 18. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Parmelee's scale — its 5a band and its 174-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Parmelee's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Parmelee’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Parmelee's own scale — its own ~174-day season between 28°F freezes, the 3,657 acres it covers and 52 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Parmelee's own USDA hardiness band, zones 5aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Parmelee's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 27 and Oct 18 and the ~174-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 52 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Parmelee, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 1.0 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Parmelee's boundary and the 3,657 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 5a and a ~174-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Parmelee's own centroid, the Northwestern Great PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Parmelee's 3,657 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Todd County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Todd County
- The growing challenges every South Dakota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom South Dakota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Todd County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Parmelee's 3,657 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Parmelee you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 3,657 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 1.0 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Parmelee-wide figureread your own land →
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