Stephan, South Dakota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b — room for a real mix of vegetables, fruit, and perennials matched to the local frost calendar.
On paper, cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens all suit these conditions — on the ground, soil, sun, and drainage make the final call.
Even in Stephan, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Stephan lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Stephan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Stephan — the short answer
Stephan, South Dakota: USDA zone 4b, about 158 days between hard freezes, across 177 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 4b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- May 1
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 6
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~158
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 177 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 4b is Stephan's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Stephan's 158-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Stephan
Each reading below is measured for Stephan itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredStephan runs about 158 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredStephan sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Stephan is in
Stephan sits in the Northwestern Glaciated Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Great Plains. That is read at Stephan's own centroid rather than borrowed from Hyde County.
What Grows in Stephan
Every plant below cleared Stephan's own zone 4b and its 158-day season. Each card opens that plant's South Dakota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Stephan?
For most of the year, no — what changes is which crops still fit the days remaining. Cool-season crops can go in from around Apr 3; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near May 1 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 6 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. The tail of the season still works: sixty-day crops into late summer, quick greens after, garlic last of all.
What's on the federal record near Stephan
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Stephan. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- 109N72W14BDBBNitrate · 400 ft
- 109N72W14AAAANitrate · 0.7 mi
- MAC'S CORNERUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- 109N72W12BBBBNitrate · 1.3 mi
- 109N72W 6CACDNitrate · 4.1 mi
- 109N72W32BBBNitrate · 4.3 mi
- 108N72W12BBCANitrate · 5.3 mi
- 109N73W12BDCBNitrate · 5.7 mi
- 109N71W24ACBCNitrate · 7.4 mi
- HUNKPATI ROAD STOPUnderground Storage Tanks · 7.9 mi
- LYNN'S DAKOTA MARTUnderground Storage Tanks · 7.9 mi
- 110N72W 7BBADNitrate · 8.0 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Stephan's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Stephan.
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Stephan
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Stephan
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Stephan, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 24 sites within ~10 miles of Stephan. It's not cause for alarm — it's worth knowing, and there's a sensible way to grow around it.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Stephan
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Stephan average
Your land is one point inside Stephan
Everything above resolves to Stephan as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 177 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Stephan Average
Stephan Average
- ●USDA Zones 4b, averaged across Stephan
- ●One soil character for all of Stephan
- ●Frost dates read at Stephan's scale: May 1 to Oct 6
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Stephan's 4b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Stephan
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Stephan, South Dakota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Stephan averages can't show:
We read public map data around Stephan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Stephan average
How we know this about Stephan
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Stephan’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Stephan
When does frost risk typically end in Stephan?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Stephan typically lands around May 1, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 22.
When is the first frost in Stephan?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Stephan typically arrives around Oct 6, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Sep 22, so the watching starts about Sep 6 — about 158 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Stephan?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Stephan sees about 158 frost-free days — roughly May 1 through Oct 6, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 22 to Sep 22, about 123 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Stephan?
The federal record around Stephan is light — 32 documented sites across the 9 federal source types we checked, mostly Nitrate entries (24), the nearest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out — and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. Growing food here starts from a strong position; a soil test before new food beds settles any site-specific question.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Stephan?
From about Sep 6 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 6 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 6. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Stephan's scale — its 4b band and its 158-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Stephan's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Stephan’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Stephan's own scale — its own ~158-day season between 28°F freezes, the 177 acres it covers and 32 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Stephan's own USDA hardiness band, zones 4bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Stephan's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about May 1 and Oct 6 and the ~158-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 32 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Stephan, the closest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Stephan's boundary and the 177 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 4b and a ~158-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Stephan's own centroid, the Northwestern Glaciated PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Stephan's 177 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Hyde County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Hyde County
- The growing challenges every South Dakota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom South Dakota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Hyde County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Stephan's 177 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Stephan you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 177 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Stephan-wide figureread your own land →
More in South Dakota
Wider growing context
What grows across South DakotaStephan sits outside our named growing regions, so South Dakota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides