Generally — Most Areas
pecan (zones 5-9) suits most of Iowa (4b-6a) — zones 5-6 are in range, and the rest of the state is the exception.
Pecan in Iowa — the short answer
Pecan in Iowa: hardy in zones 5–9, full sun.
- Plant zones
- 5-9
- Rated hardy to zone 5 by NCSU Plant Toolbox, checked Oct 2026. Ceiling: NCSU Plant Toolbox (read 2026-10-06).
- Iowa zones
- 4b-6a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Frost window
- Apr 10 - Apr 17 – Oct 18 - Oct 23
- NOAA RCC ACIS 1991-2020, 28°F
- Shortest county season
- 168 days
- NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020, county 28°F killing freeze
- To first harvest
- ~5 years
- Growable Ground Plant Database
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS and university Extension sources — per-field provenance varies and is published with the dataset.
Your yard isn't the whole zone.
Iowa spans zones 4b-6a, but your yard sits in exactly one — and slope, tree cover, and cold-air pockets nudge it further. Enter your address and we'll score pecan against your parcel's actual hardiness, soil, and sun.
We read public map data for this spot — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your parcel report in seconds — read in full free for your first 14 days
Iowa is not one climate
Iowa’s winter-low ladder runs across 99 counties, from zone 4.5 in Clayton County to zone 6 in Lee County. That is 15°F between the two counties’ average coldest night — the difference between pecan overwintering in the ground and coming under cover.
The middle half of 99 counties runs 5–5.5 zones, with a median of 5 zones — a 1.5-zone span end to end.
Measured across 99 Iowa counties. USDA PHZM 2023, per county. Quartiles are order statistics — every figure shown is a value a real county recorded, not an interpolation. Your own site sits somewhere inside this range; a parcel report resolves where.
Where in Iowa Fits Best
Pecan is rated for zones 5–9 — a cold floor USDA puts at -20 to -10°F. Against Iowa’s 99 counties that band holds in 96 of them, and the line runs at Allamakee County (zone 5a), the coldest county still inside it.
Inside zones 5–9
96 counties
- Audubon County · zone 5a
- Benton County · zone 5a
- Black Hawk County · zone 5a
3 of 96 shown
Below the zone 5 floor
3 counties
- Clayton County · zone 4b
- Howard County · zone 4b
- Winneshiek County · zone 4b
Winter cold is the limit here — the same plant works in a container that comes under cover.
County hardiness zones: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) 2023, per county. A zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme minimum temperature, so the floor above is the band the plant's rating denotes, not a single measured kill point. Slope, shelter and cold-air drainage routinely move a site half a zone either way from its county figure — which is the part only your address resolves.
Even within Iowa's zones 4b-6a, county microclimates differ enough to change what thrives. These counties carry the closest zone match for pecan (USDA PHZM 2023):
Zone Comparison
Pecan Needs
- USDA Zones: 5-9
- Sun: Full SunWe haven't confirmed this against a published source yet.
- Mature size: 120 ft tall
- Drought tolerance: Low
Iowa Has
- USDA Zones: 4b-6a
- Last Hard Freeze (28°F): Apr 10 - Apr 17
- First Hard Freeze (28°F): Oct 18 - Oct 23
- Annual Rainfall: 26-36 inches
- Common Soils: Prairie loess, Silt loam, Clay loam
Plant Zone Range (zones 5-9)
Preferred Soil pH
We haven't confirmed this against a published source yet.
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS, and university Extension sources — per-field provenance varies and is published with the dataset. State data: USDA ARS PHZM 2023, NOAA Climate Normals, NRCS SSURGO.
When to Plant Pecan in Iowa
The frost window
Across Iowa, the last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Apr 10 and Apr 17, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 18 and Oct 23 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Counting from the latest last freeze to the earliest first freeze, that's a 184-day window you can count on — up to 196 days on a mild site in a kind year. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost, so tender transplants usually wait another 2-3 weeks.
Winter standing
Iowa runs as cold as USDA zone 4, and no sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for pecan, so this page does not state whether it overwinters here — and gives no fall establishment date on the strength of a guess. Whether pecan is a permanent planting or a replant-every-spring crop for you turns on your own zone within Iowa; check its hardiness range against that before treating it as long-lived ground.
Frost window: NOAA Climate Normals 1991-2020. Plant timing fields: Growable Ground Plant Database — frost-free days from FAO ECOCROP, days to harvest from university Extension production guides, and growing-degree-day and chill-hour minimums that are compilation estimates rather than published figures. Your site's own frost dates can run earlier or later than the state range — a parcel report pins them down.
Growing Season Fit
The zone check says pecan survives winter in part of Iowa, not across all of it. Whether the season is long enough — and warm enough — is a different question.
Growing degree days
Pecan needs ~3500 GDD (base 50°F) to ripen. We haven't confirmed this against a published source yet. The state median runs ~2730 GDD (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), so Iowa's typical season runs short on heat — pick a south-facing site and consider season extension.
Chill hours
Pecan requires ~500 chill hours (32-45°F dormancy window). Iowa typically banks ~2500 chill hours per winter (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), which keeps this plant on track.
GDD and chill-hour figures are computed from PRISM 1991-2020 monthly climate normals; frost-free days from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020. Each is the state median across its counties (P25/P75 span the within-state spread). Hardiness-zone range is USDA PHZM 2023.
Soil + Drainage Fit
Pecan likes near-neutral soil (pH 5-7.5). That's the common-ground band across Iowa's prairie loess and silt loam — a soil test confirms it for your site. It will grow across that whole span, but it does best between pH 5.5 and 7 — worth knowing before you decide whether a Iowa soil test result is a problem or just a number. Drainage matters: this plant wants well (dry spells). If your Iowa site is heavier clay or sits in a low spot, a raised bed lifts the roots above wet ground, or work in compost. pH range, preferred pH and drainage need: We haven't confirmed this against a published source yet.
Plant pH requirements: FAO ECOCROP and USDA PLANTS, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation. Drainage: FAO ECOCROP, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation. Iowa soil profile from USDA NRCS SSURGO. Site-specific verification: a 30-minute soil test from your local Extension lab.
Before you plant pecan for food
Anything you grow to eat takes up what is in the ground it grows in, so what is on record near you is worth knowing before pecan goes in. What follows is Iowa’s documented federal record at state scale — a screening signal, not a soil test, and not a statement about any one lot.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Iowa — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Iowa — 16,064 documented sites across 7 of the 8 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 122 Superfund sites. Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
Iowa carries one of the heavier federal records we track — and that's not a verdict on your yard. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis: nothing here says any particular parcel is affected. It does earn one concrete step — before food beds go in the ground, a professional soil test tells you exactly what you're working with, and raised beds of imported, lab-tested soil grow well almost anywhere in the meantime.
Sources Checked
across Iowa
Severity Distribution
across Iowa
Highest-Severity Sites
Know Before You Grow
- •Underground tanks leak petroleum as they age — near a former filling station, test the soil.
- •TRI facilities report what they release. Check the wind — downwind beds catch more of it.
- •Near a brownfield, a raised bed of imported, lab-tested soil lowers contact with the ground; it does not remove it.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 950K documented sites tracked nationwide across 8 federal source types.
What Else to Consider for Pecan in Iowa
Zone compatibility tells you about winter cold survival — but Iowa growers also need to think about:
Cold winters reaching -20F or below
Variable spring weather delays planting
Wind exposure on open prairies desiccates plants
What to actually do about these — and the constraints that apply to every Iowa grower, not just pecan — is covered on the Iowa growing guide.
Where in Iowa Pecan Is Zone-Hardy
Pecan is rated for USDA zones 5–9. 96 of Iowa’s 99 counties fall inside that band. The coldest that does is Allamakee County at zone 5a. 3 counties sit below the plant’s zone 5 floor, where an unprotected plant is relying on snow cover and a mild year. Where you are in Iowa decides this one.
Across those 99 counties Iowa’s winter-low ladder runs from zone 4b in Clayton County to zone 6a in Lee County — 1.5 USDA zones of spread, which is 15°F between the two counties’ average coldest night of the year. That is why a statewide hardiness answer is where you start and not where you finish.
The planting window moves with it. Howard County holds its last hard freeze (28°F) until about Apr 24, while Lee County is clear by Apr 1 — 23 days apart. Set pecan out on your county’s date, not the state’s.
County hardiness zones: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) 2023, per county. County last-freeze dates: NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS (1991-2020), county 28°F killing freeze — earlier than the folk 32°F "last frost". Pecan’s zone 5–9 band: Rated hardy to zone 5 by NCSU Plant Toolbox, checked Oct 2026. Ceiling: NCSU Plant Toolbox (read 2026-10-06).. A parcel report resolves your address’s own zone and frost dates rather than its county’s.
Iowa Cooperative Extension
For Iowa-specific cultivar recommendations, planting calendars, and pest pressure for pecan, the canonical source is Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Their fact sheets carry the local trial data we can't generalize across 50 states.
Is Pecan native to Iowa?
Yes — the USDA PLANTS Database (accessed 2026-10-19) records Pecan in Iowa, Kew's Plants of the World Online (WCVP) lists Iowa in its native range, and NatureServe Explorer's state data mark it native there. Planting it supports the pollinators and wildlife that evolved alongside it.
State records: USDA PLANTS Database state-distribution data (presence, not state-level nativity), accessed 2026-10-19.
Native-range status: Kew, Plants of the World Online — World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), release 2026-06-04, licensed CC BY 3.0. State native/exotic flags: NatureServe Explorer, CC BY, accessed 2026-10-19. powo.science.kew.org explorer.natureserve.org
Common Questions About Growing Pecan in Iowa
When can I plant Pecan in Iowa?
Iowa's last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Apr 10 and Apr 17, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 18 and Oct 23 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). No sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for Pecan, so this page does not state whether it overwinters in Iowa and publishes no fall establishment date for it — check its hardiness range against your own zone before treating it as a permanent planting.
What hardiness zone is Pecan grown in across Iowa?
Iowa spans USDA hardiness zones 4b-6a (USDA ARS PHZM 2023). Pecan carries a range of zones 5-9, so the overlap zones are where outdoor growing is most reliable.
How many frost-free days does a typical Iowa site have?
A typical Iowa site sees ~189 frost-free days per year (derived from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Pecan needs 140+ frost-free days, so check whether your local microclimate runs above or below the state average before settling on a planting date.
Is Pecan native to Iowa?
Yes — the USDA PLANTS Database (accessed 2026-10-19) records Pecan in Iowa, Kew's Plants of the World Online (WCVP) lists Iowa in its native range, and NatureServe Explorer's state data mark it native there. Planting it supports the pollinators and wildlife that evolved alongside it.
How should I amend the soil for Pecan in Iowa?
Pecan prefers pH 5-7.5 and well (dry spells) drainage. We haven't confirmed this against a published source yet. That sits in the common-ground band across Iowa soils — a 30-minute soil test from a local Extension lab confirms it for your specific site.
Will Pecan actually grow on my specific land in Iowa?
State-level zone + climate data is a sketch. A Growable Ground parcel report scores pecan against your address's mapped soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost-date data drawn from USDA SSURGO, NOAA, and PRISM — not state averages.
Check your specific parcel in Iowa
State-level data is a sketch. Your Growable Ground report scores pecan against your land's mapped soil, modelled sun, drainage, and frost data — not zone averages.
Three things about your lot that Iowa pecan averages can't show:
We read public map data around Iowa — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Iowa pecan average
Explore More
Growing guides for pecan
Explore Iowa county by county
Iowa carries 99 counties with their own USDA zone — a sample of the growing pages for pecan there:
Where else pecan grows
Pecan's zone band crosses state lines — these are the states closest to Iowa in winter climate where it also has a page, plus the far ends of its range. Each one re-answers the question with that state's own record.
More to grow in Iowa
Iowa has a growing page for 810 plants — a rotating sample of the rest of the shelf.
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