South End, Minnesota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 3b — a band that supports both cool-season staples and warm-season crops chosen to fit the local frost window.
Well-matched crops include cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens, and the gap between "grows in the area" and "grows in your yard" is closed by soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in South End, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single South End lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around South End — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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South End — the short answer
South End, Minnesota: USDA zone 3b, about 157 days between hard freezes, across 1K acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 3b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- May 4
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 8
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~157
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 1K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 3b is South End's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against South End's 157-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in South End
Each reading below is measured for South End itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredSouth End runs about 157 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredSouth End sits in USDA hardiness zone 3b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country South End is in
South End sits in the Northern Lakes and Forests — EPA Level III, inside the wider Northern Forests. That is read at South End's own centroid rather than borrowed from Clearwater County.
What Grows in South End
Every plant below cleared South End's own zone 3b and its 157-day season. Each card opens that plant's Minnesota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in South End?
Usually not — gardeners here simply switch what goes in the ground as the season moves. Cool-season crops can go in from around Apr 6; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near May 4 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 8 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. Even past midsummer there is room for a true fall garden here, and garlic planted near the close carries the momentum into next year.
What's on the federal record near South End
Closest first, within ~10 miles of South End. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- Bagley MNDOT Truck StationUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Westside Express IncUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Burlington Northern Railroad-mainlineUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Larson Store (porters Addn)Underground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Marty Bros IncUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Dept Of Natural Resources/forestryUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Bagley Public SchoolUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Triangle Sales & ServiceUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Clearwater County Highway DeptUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Bagley JunctionUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- Stinar L MUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
- SAP 15-648-01 & 60-674-01Underground Storage Tanks · 4.2 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from South End's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near South End.
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of South End
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of South End
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around South End, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 12 sites within ~10 miles of South End. It's not cause for alarm — it's worth knowing, and there's a sensible way to grow around it.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in South End
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the South End average
Your land is one point inside South End
Everything above resolves to South End as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 1K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the South End Average
South End Average
- ●USDA Zones 3b, averaged across South End
- ●One soil character for all of South End
- ●Frost dates read at South End's scale: May 4 to Oct 8
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not South End's 3b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in South End
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in South End, Minnesota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that South End averages can't show:
We read public map data around South End — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the South End average
How we know this about South End
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at South End’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about South End
When does frost risk typically end in South End?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in South End typically lands around May 4, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 25.
When is the first frost in South End?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in South End typically arrives around Oct 8, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Sep 24, so the watching starts about Sep 8 — about 157 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in South End?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, South End sees about 157 frost-free days — roughly May 4 through Oct 8, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 25 to Sep 24, about 122 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in South End?
The federal record around South End is light — 32 documented sites across the 9 federal source types we checked, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (19), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 4.2 miles out — and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. Growing food here starts from a strong position; a soil test before new food beds settles any site-specific question.
How do I protect my plants from frost in South End?
From about Sep 8 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 8 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 8. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at South End's scale — its 3b band and its 157-day season. Your yard writes its own version of South End's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at South End’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at South End's own scale — its own ~157-day season between 28°F freezes, the 1,131 acres it covers and 32 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- South End's own USDA hardiness band, zones 3bUSDA PHZM 2023
- South End's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about May 4 and Oct 8 and the ~157-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 32 documented contamination sites on the federal record near South End, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 4.2 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- South End's boundary and the 1,131 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 3b and a ~157-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at South End's own centroid, the Northern Lakes and ForestsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so South End's 1,131 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Clearwater County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Clearwater County
- The growing challenges every Minnesota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Minnesota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Clearwater County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among South End's 1,131 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of South End you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 1,131 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 4.2 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any South End-wide figureread your own land →
More in Minnesota
Wider growing context
What grows across MinnesotaSouth End sits outside our named growing regions, so Minnesota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides