Java, South Dakota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b — enough range to grow cool-season vegetables, hardy fruit, and warm-season crops that mature before the first hard frost.
Crops well matched to these conditions include cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens — though what thrives on any one site still turns on its specific soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Java, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Java lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Java — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Java — the short answer
Java, South Dakota: USDA zone 4b, about 164 days between hard freezes, across 315 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 4b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 28
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 9
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~164
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 315 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 4b is Java's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Java's 164-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Java
Each reading below is measured for Java itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredJava runs about 164 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredJava sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Java is in
Java sits in the Northwestern Glaciated Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Great Plains. That is read at Java's own centroid rather than borrowed from Walworth County.
What Grows in Java
Every plant below cleared Java's own zone 4b and its 164-day season. Each card opens that plant's South Dakota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Java?
Almost never — the real question is what to plant next. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 31; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 28 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 9 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
What's on the federal record near Java
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Java. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- 123N75W 3BDAANitrate · 250 ft
- 123N75W 3BADCNitrate · 400 ft
- JAVA EQUITY EXCHANGEUnderground Storage Tanks · 750 ft
- 123N75W 3BDBDNitrate · 850 ft
- NORTHWESTERN BELL TELE COUnderground Storage Tanks · 950 ft
- JAVA SCHOOL DIST 62-2Underground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
- 124N74W27BAAANitrate · 6.4 mi
- 123N76W 4AACBNitrate · 6.7 mi
- 123N76W 4AABCNitrate · 6.7 mi
- 125N75W35DBBNitrate · 6.7 mi
- 125N75W32DCB2Nitrate · 6.8 mi
- 123N76W 4ABDBNitrate · 6.8 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Java's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Java.
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Java
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Java, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 68 sites within ~10 miles of Java. Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Java
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Java average
Your land is one point inside Java
Everything above resolves to Java as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 315 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Java Average
Java Average
- ●USDA Zones 4b, averaged across Java
- ●One soil character for all of Java
- ●Frost dates read at Java's scale: Apr 28 to Oct 9
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Java's 4b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Java
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Java, South Dakota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Java averages can't show:
We read public map data around Java — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Java average
How we know this about Java
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Java’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Java
When does frost risk typically end in Java?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Java typically lands around Apr 28, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 19.
When is the first frost in Java?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Java typically arrives around Oct 9, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Sep 25, so the watching starts about Sep 9 — about 164 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Java?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Java sees about 164 frost-free days — roughly Apr 28 through Oct 9, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 19 to Sep 25, about 129 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Java?
The federal record around Java shows 82 documented sites, mostly Nitrate entries (68), the nearest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out — a typical footprint for a growing area, and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. It's worth seeing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and testing the soil before new food beds near any of them.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Java?
From about Sep 9 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 9 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 9. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Java's scale — its 4b band and its 164-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Java's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Java’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Java's own scale — its own ~164-day season between 28°F freezes, the 315 acres it covers and 82 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Java's own USDA hardiness band, zones 4bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Java's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 28 and Oct 9 and the ~164-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 82 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Java, the closest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Java's boundary and the 315 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 4b and a ~164-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Java's own centroid, the Northwestern Glaciated PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Java's 315 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Walworth County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Walworth County
- The growing challenges every South Dakota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom South Dakota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Walworth County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Java's 315 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Java you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 315 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Nitrate record under a tenth of a mile out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Java-wide figureread your own land →
More in South Dakota
Wider growing context
What grows across South DakotaJava sits outside our named growing regions, so South Dakota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides