Unlikely — Zone Mismatch
macadamia (zones 9-11) does not overlap with New York's zone range (4a-7b). Growing outdoors is unlikely without significant protection.
2 zones short — what would close it
Macadamia is hardy to zone 9, and the warmest ground in New York is zone 7 — 2 zones short. Planted in open ground it will not survive a New York winter. To grow it here, grow macadamia under glass — a greenhouse is the only lift this wide the engine models.
A greenhouse is the lift this needs. How a greenhouse changes what you can grow →
Zone math from 9-11 (plant) against 3-7 (New York). Lift modeled by crop_engine Sprint 20B effective_zone_modifier (+2 zones) via api/fast_sections.py Unlock Engine v2.
Your yard isn't the whole zone.
New York spans zones 4a-7b, but your yard sits in exactly one — and slope, tree cover, and cold-air pockets nudge it further. Enter your address and we'll score macadamia against your parcel's actual hardiness, soil, and sun.
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Zone Comparison
Macadamia Needs
- USDA Zones: 9-11
- Frost-Free Days: 365+
- Sun: Full Sun
- Mature size: 35 ft tall
- Drought tolerance: Medium
New York Has
- USDA Zones: 4a-7b
- Last Hard Freeze (28°F): Apr 13 - Apr 29
- First Hard Freeze (28°F): Oct 18 - Nov 5
- Annual Rainfall: 30-50 inches
- Common Soils: Glacial till, Silt loam, Clay loam
Plant Zone Range (zones 9-11)
Preferred Soil pH
Plant data: USDA PLANTS Database / Growable Ground plant catalog. State data: USDA ARS PHZM 2023, NOAA Climate Normals, NRCS SSURGO.
When to Plant Macadamia in New York
The frost window
Across New York, the last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Apr 13 and Apr 29, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 18 and Nov 5 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Counting from the latest last freeze to the earliest first freeze, that's a 172-day window you can count on — up to 206 days on a mild site in a kind year. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost, so tender transplants usually wait another 2-3 weeks.
Winter standing
New York runs as cold as USDA zone 4, and no sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for macadamia, so this page does not state whether it overwinters here — and gives no fall establishment date on the strength of a guess. Whether macadamia is a permanent planting or a replant-every-spring crop for you turns on your own zone within New York; check its hardiness range against that before treating it as long-lived ground.
Timing tuned to sub-state frost dates — Hamilton County, not the statewide average.
Frost window: NOAA Climate Normals 1991-2020. Plant timing fields: USDA PLANTS Database. Your site's own frost dates can run earlier or later than the state range — a parcel report pins them down.
Growing Season Fit
The zone check says macadamia does not survive a New York winter in the ground. The season figures below measure a different question — whether it could finish a season here at all — and they only bear on New York under protection.
Frost-free days
Macadamia wants 365+ frost-free days; a typical New York site sees ~185 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020) — 180 days short of what it needs. A typical New York season does not carry this crop to harvest outdoors, and a gap that size is not one an earlier sowing date or a faster cultivar closes; growing it here means growing it under cover.
Growing degree days
Macadamia needs ~3500 GDD (base 50°F) to ripen. The state median runs ~2042 GDD (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), so New York's typical season runs short on heat — pick a south-facing site and consider season extension.
Chill hours
Macadamia has no winter-chill requirement — its listed minimum is 0 hours (USDA PLANTS Database). New York typically banks ~2500 chill hours per winter (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), so chill is not a constraint on this plant here — and not evidence in its favour either. Winter survival and season length are what decide it.
GDD and chill-hour figures are computed from PRISM 1991-2020 monthly climate normals; frost-free days from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020. Each is the state median across its counties (P25/P75 span the within-state spread). Hardiness-zone range is USDA PHZM 2023.
Soil + Drainage Fit
Macadamia likes near-neutral soil (pH 4.5-7). That's the common-ground band across New York's glacial till and silt loam — a soil test confirms it for your site. It will grow across that whole span, but it does best between pH 5 and 6 — worth knowing before you decide whether a New York soil test result is a problem or just a number. Drainage matters: this plant wants well (dry spells). If your New York site is heavier clay or sits in a low spot, raised beds or amendment with compost solve it.
Your land, not the state average
SSURGO maps about 22.3% of New York as poorly or somewhat-poorly drained, and the class flips parcel to parcel. Macadamia sits mid-range for drought tolerance, so either extreme can cost you — your soil map unit, not the state average, is the real answer.
Check your parcel → Source: USDA NRCS SSURGO.
Plant pH and drainage requirements from USDA PLANTS Database. New York soil profile from USDA NRCS SSURGO. Site-specific verification: a 30-minute soil test from your local Extension lab.
Macadamia in New York — Quick Answer
- Verdict: Unlikely — Zone Mismatch
- Plant Zones: 9-11 (USDA PLANTS Database)
- State Zones: 4a-7b (USDA ARS PHZM 2023)
- Growing Season: 28°F hard freezes about Apr 13 - Apr 29 to Oct 18 - Nov 5 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020)
What Else to Consider for Macadamia in New York
Zone compatibility tells you about winter cold survival — but New York growers also need to think about:
Short upstate growing season (100-140 frost-free days in Adirondacks)
Heavy clay soils in western NY require drainage improvement
Late spring frosts through May in higher elevations
Deer browse pressure is heavy in suburban and rural areas
Growing macadamia here specifically
Macadamia rates to USDA zones 9–11 and is hardy to about 46°F, but cold isn't the risk in New York — wet is: with roughly 22.3% of its soils poorly-drained (SSURGO), soggy ground rots the crown.
Give macadamia a raised bed or mounded row with coarse amendment so its crown never sit wet. How to handle it →
What to actually do about these — and the constraints that apply to every New York grower, not just macadamia — is covered on the New York growing guide.
Timing shifts within New York
New York isn't one climate. In Hamilton County, the last hard freeze (28°F) holds until about May 19 — roughly 27 days later than the recorded state median — so plant macadamia to your county's window, not the statewide date.
Macadamia needs about 365 days of frost-free season to complete its cycle. No New York county gives it that outdoors: even New York County, the state’s longest season at 258 frost-free days, falls 107 days short — so it needs transplants, a short-season variety, or covered growing.
Across New York’s 62 counties the frost-free season runs from 136 days in Hamilton County to 258 days in New York County — a spread of 122 days, which is why a single statewide planting date misleads. The median New York county sees 185 frost-free days, which is 180 days short of what macadamia needs — so on a typical New York parcel this is a transplant-or-protect crop, not a direct-sow one.
County last-freeze dates and frost-free day counts: NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS (1991-2020), county 28°F freeze (earlier than the folk 32°F "last frost"). Macadamia's 365-day requirement: USDA PLANTS / Growable Ground plant database (minimum frost-free days). A parcel report resolves your address's own frost dates.
Pollinator + Wildlife Value
Macadamia draws honeybees and native bees (moderate value, Growable Ground Plant Database). Planting it near vegetable beds can lift fruit set on neighboring crops. Outdoors, macadamia can only work that bloom inside New York's frost window — roughly 185 days, opening after the last 28°F freeze (Apr 13 - Apr 29) and closing at the first (Oct 18 - Nov 5), per NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020.
Good to Know Before You Plant Macadamia
Macadamia is listed as toxic to dogs (nuts) at a moderate level (ASPCA). Most listed plants only cause brief upset — a raised bed or a fenced corner usually keeps curious pets clear.
New York Cooperative Extension
For New York-specific cultivar recommendations, planting calendars, and pest pressure for macadamia, the canonical source is Cornell Cooperative Extension. Their fact sheets carry the local trial data we can't generalize across 50 states.
Is Macadamia native to New York?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Macadamia as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of New York's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few New York natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
Looking for plants that belong here? The New York growing guide lists USDA-documented natives for the state.
Native-range data: USDA PLANTS Database state-distribution records, accessed 2026-07-01.
Common Questions About Growing Macadamia in New York
When can I plant Macadamia in New York?
New York's last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Apr 13 and Apr 29, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 18 and Nov 5 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). No sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for Macadamia, so this page does not state whether it overwinters in New York and publishes no fall establishment date for it — check its hardiness range against your own zone before treating it as a permanent planting.
What hardiness zone is Macadamia grown in across New York?
New York spans USDA hardiness zones 4a-7b (USDA ARS PHZM 2023). Macadamia carries a range of zones 9-11, so the overlap zones are where outdoor growing is most reliable.
How many frost-free days does a typical New York site have?
A typical New York site sees ~185 frost-free days per year (derived from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Macadamia needs 365+ frost-free days, so check whether your local microclimate runs above or below the state average before settling on a planting date. In cooler counties like Hamilton, the freeze-free season runs shorter than the state average, so verify your own county's window.
Is Macadamia native to New York?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Macadamia as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of New York's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few New York natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
How should I amend the soil for Macadamia in New York?
Macadamia prefers pH 4.5-7 and well (dry spells) drainage (FAO ECOCROP). That sits in the common-ground band across New York soils — a 30-minute soil test from a local Extension lab confirms it for your specific site.
Will Macadamia actually grow on my specific land in New York?
State-level zone + climate data is a sketch. A Growable Ground parcel report scores macadamia against your address's exact soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost-date data drawn from USDA SSURGO, NOAA, and PRISM — not state averages.
Check your specific parcel in New York
State-level data is a sketch. Your Growable Ground report scores macadamia against your parcel's exact soil, sun, drainage, and frost data — not zone averages.
Three things about your lot that New York macadamia averages can't show:
We read public map data around New York — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the New York macadamia average
Explore More
Growing guides for macadamia
Analysis by the Growable Ground research team, grounded in USDA PLANTS, USDA NRCS SSURGO, NOAA Climate Normals (1991-2020), and named Cooperative Extension sources. How we know →
Cite this dataset
Kirchick, M. (2026). Growable Ground Plant Database [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21435643
Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21435643
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