Geneva, Minnesota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b — enough range to grow cool-season vegetables, hardy fruit, and warm-season crops that mature before the first hard frost.
Well-matched crops include cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens, and the gap between "grows in the area" and "grows in your yard" is closed by soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Geneva, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Geneva lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Geneva — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Geneva — the short answer
Geneva, Minnesota: USDA zone 4b, about 181 days between hard freezes, across 300 acres of city.
- USDA zone
- 4b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 18
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 16
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~181
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- City area
- 300 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 4b is Geneva's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Geneva's 181-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Geneva
Each reading below is measured for Geneva itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredGeneva runs about 181 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredGeneva sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Geneva is in
Geneva sits in the Western Corn Belt Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Great Plains. That is read at Geneva's own centroid rather than borrowed from Freeborn County.
What Grows in Geneva
Every plant below cleared Geneva's own zone 4b and its 181-day season. Each card opens that plant's Minnesota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Geneva?
Too late for some crops, right on time for others — a growing season is a sequence, not a deadline. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 21; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 18 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 16 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
What's on the federal record near Geneva
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Geneva. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- Geneva StandardUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- D&D Properties of Geneva LLCUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.1 mi
- RYSAVY HOG FARMCAFO · 3.6 mi
- NRHEG ELEMENTARY SCHOOLBrownfields · 3.8 mi
- WOODSTREAM CORPBrownfields · 4.0 mi
- Hemingway DavidUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.1 mi
- FREEBORN CO APPLIANCE SALVAGEBrownfields · 4.6 mi
- GTEUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.7 mi
- KEITH JOHNSON ELLENDALE SITECAFO · 4.7 mi
- Former Nielsen Gopher StopUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.7 mi
- 104N21W34DAD 01 Clarks GroveNitrate · 4.8 mi
- CLARKS GROVE VETERINARY CLINICBrownfields · 4.8 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Geneva's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Geneva.
Total Sites
65
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Risk Level
Moderate
Highest-severity
1 Toxics Release Inventory facility
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Geneva, CAFO runs higher than the national average — 11 sites within ~10 miles of Geneva. It's not cause for alarm — it's worth knowing, and there's a sensible way to grow around it.
CAFO: CAFOs pose a different contamination profile than chemical sources.
Wash all produce consumed raw thoroughly, especially leafy greens grown near CAFOs.
Check your specific parcel in Geneva
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Geneva average
Your land is one point inside Geneva
Everything above resolves to Geneva as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 300 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at city scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Geneva Average
Geneva Average
- ●USDA Zones 4b, averaged across Geneva
- ●One soil character for all of Geneva
- ●Frost dates read at Geneva's scale: Apr 18 to Oct 16
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Geneva's 4b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Geneva
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Geneva, Minnesota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Geneva averages can't show:
We read public map data around Geneva — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Geneva average
How we know this about Geneva
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this city’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Geneva’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at city grain anywhere on this page — there is no city-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Geneva
When does frost risk typically end in Geneva?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Geneva typically lands around Apr 18, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 9.
When is the first frost in Geneva?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Geneva typically arrives around Oct 16, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 2, so the watching starts about Sep 16 — about 181 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Geneva?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Geneva sees about 181 frost-free days — roughly Apr 18 through Oct 16, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 9 to Oct 2, about 146 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Geneva?
The federal record around Geneva shows 65 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (23), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.7 miles out — a typical footprint for a growing area, and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. It's worth seeing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and testing the soil before new food beds near any of them.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Geneva?
From about Sep 16 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 16 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 16. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Geneva's scale — its 4b band and its 181-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Geneva's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Geneva’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Geneva's own scale — its own ~181-day season between 28°F freezes, the 300 acres it covers and 65 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Geneva's own USDA hardiness band, zones 4bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Geneva's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 18 and Oct 16 and the ~181-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 65 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Geneva, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.7 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Geneva's boundary and the 300 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 4b and a ~181-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Geneva's own centroid, the Western Corn Belt PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Geneva's 300 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Freeborn County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Freeborn County
- The growing challenges every Minnesota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Minnesota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Freeborn County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Geneva's 300 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Geneva you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 300 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.7 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Geneva-wide figureread your own land →
More in Minnesota
Wider growing context
What grows across MinnesotaGeneva sits outside our named growing regions, so Minnesota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides