Richmond, Minnesota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b — a zone band wide enough that plant choice, not possibility, is the interesting question.
Crops well matched to these conditions include cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens — though what thrives on any one site still turns on its specific soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Richmond, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Richmond lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Richmond — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Richmond — the short answer
Richmond, Minnesota: USDA zone 4b, about 175 days between hard freezes, across 763 acres of city.
- USDA zone
- 4b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 24
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 16
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~175
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- City area
- 763 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 4b is Richmond's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Richmond's 175-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Richmond
Each reading below is measured for Richmond itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredRichmond runs about 175 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredRichmond sits in USDA hardiness zone 4b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Richmond is in
Richmond sits in the North Central Hardwood Forests — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. That is read at Richmond's own centroid rather than borrowed from Stearns County.
What Grows in Richmond
Every plant below cleared Richmond's own zone 4b and its 175-day season. Each card opens that plant's Minnesota profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Richmond?
Too late for some crops, right on time for others — a growing season is a sequence, not a deadline. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 27; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 24 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 16 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
What's on the federal record near Richmond
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Richmond. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- TOM'S APPLICANCE & REFRIGERATBrownfields · 450 ft
- RICHMOND AREA MEDICAL CLINICBrownfields · 800 ft
- RICHMOND BUS SERVICEBrownfields · 2300 ft
- CHANNEL MARINE AND SPORTS INCBrownfields · 2500 ft
- KNIFE RIVER CORP N CENTRAL RICHMONDBrownfields · 0.6 mi
- KNIFE RIVER CORP N CENTRAL RICHMONDToxics Release Inventory · 0.6 mi
- RICHMOND TIRE & AUTO LLCBrownfields · 0.6 mi
- DOLLAR GENERAL STORE 14916Brownfields · 0.6 mi
- Stearns County Highway Dept - RichmondUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- AUTO PROFESSIONALSBrownfields · 0.8 mi
- D S50 123N30W18BCC 04 ObsNitrate · 0.8 mi
- S S49 123N30W18BCC 03 ObsNitrate · 0.8 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Richmond's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Richmond.
Total Sites
236
within ~10 miles of Richmond
Risk Level
Elevated
Highest-severity
7 Toxics Release Inventory facilities
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Richmond
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Richmond
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Richmond, two things run higher than the national average within ~10 miles of Richmond — CAFO (10 sites) and Nitrate (76 sites). That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
CAFO: CAFOs pose a different contamination profile than chemical sources.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Wash all produce consumed raw thoroughly, especially leafy greens grown near CAFOs.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Richmond
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Richmond average
Your land is one point inside Richmond
Everything above resolves to Richmond as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 763 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at city scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Richmond Average
Richmond Average
- ●USDA Zones 4b, averaged across Richmond
- ●One soil character for all of Richmond
- ●Frost dates read at Richmond's scale: Apr 24 to Oct 16
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Richmond's 4b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Richmond
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Richmond, Minnesota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Richmond averages can't show:
We read public map data around Richmond — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Richmond average
How we know this about Richmond
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this city’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Richmond’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at city grain anywhere on this page — there is no city-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Richmond
When does frost risk typically end in Richmond?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Richmond typically lands around Apr 24, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 15.
When is the first frost in Richmond?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Richmond typically arrives around Oct 16, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 2, so the watching starts about Sep 16 — about 175 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Richmond?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Richmond sees about 175 frost-free days — roughly Apr 24 through Oct 16, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 15 to Oct 2, about 140 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Richmond?
The federal record around Richmond is a meaningful one — 236 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (78), the nearest Brownfields record under a tenth of a mile out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Richmond?
From about Sep 16 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Oct 16 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Oct 16. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Richmond's scale — its 4b band and its 175-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Richmond's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Richmond’s own scale
6 of the readings below were taken at Richmond's own scale — its own ~175-day season between 28°F freezes, the 763 acres it covers and 236 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Richmond's own USDA hardiness band, zones 4bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Richmond's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 24 and Oct 16 and the ~175-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 236 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Richmond, the closest Brownfields record under a tenth of a mile out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Richmond's boundary and the 763 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 4b and a ~175-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Richmond's own centroid, the North Central Hardwood ForestsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Richmond's 763 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Stearns County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Stearns County
- The growing challenges every Minnesota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Minnesota
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Stearns County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Richmond's 763 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Richmond you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 763 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Brownfields record under a tenth of a mile out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Richmond-wide figureread your own land →
More in Minnesota
Wider growing context
What grows across MinnesotaRichmond sits outside our named growing regions, so Minnesota as a whole is its closest context here.
Nearby growing guides