Elba, New York, sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a — a zone band wide enough that plant choice, not possibility, is the interesting question.
Crops well matched to these conditions include cabbage, hazelnut, lavender, and collard greens — though what thrives on any one site still turns on its specific soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Elba, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Elba lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Elba — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Elba — the short answer
Elba, New York: USDA zone 6a, about 207 days between hard freezes, across 651 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 6a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 14
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 7
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~207
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 651 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 6a is Elba's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Elba's 207-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Elba
Each reading below is measured for Elba itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredElba runs about 207 days between hard freezes — a long growing season.
There is slack for succession plantings and slow-finishing crops: many vegetables can be sown twice, and the heat-lovers have time to ripen fully.
Plan a second sowing of quick crops after the first comes out, and use the fall window most gardeners let sit idle.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredElba sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Elba is in
Elba sits in the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. That is read at Elba's own centroid rather than borrowed from Genesee County.
What Grows in Elba
Every plant below cleared Elba's own zone 6a and its 207-day season. Each card opens that plant's New York profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Elba?
Too late for some crops, right on time for others — a growing season is a sequence, not a deadline. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 17; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 14 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 7 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. With a season this long, “too late” mostly means “switch crops” — second sowings and a full fall garden are the norm, with garlic closing the year.
Documented around Elba
Spotted lanternfly documented 22 miles from Elba, first recorded 2018. What to watch for.
What's on the federal record near Elba
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Elba. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- ELBA CENTRAL SCHOOLUnderground Storage Tanks · 850 ft
- CROSBY'S ELBAUnderground Storage Tanks · 1000 ft
- TOWN OF ELBAUnderground Storage Tanks · 1100 ft
- GENESEE FARMS ELBAUnderground Storage Tanks · 1600 ft
- ESSO REPAIR & SERVICEUnderground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
- BILLS SUNOCOUnderground Storage Tanks · 2200 ft
- O & E GROWERS INCUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.5 mi
- JOHN/MARK/MAUREEN J. TORREYCAFO · 1.4 mi
- DALE LEE FARMS PARTNERSHIPUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.4 mi
- SHUKNECHT BROTHERSUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- OAK ORCHARD DAIRY, LLCCAFO · 2.2 mi
- OAK ORCHARD DAIRYCAFO · 2.3 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Elba's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Elba.
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Elba
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Elba
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Elba, CAFO runs higher than the national average — 25 sites within ~10 miles of Elba. That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
CAFO: CAFOs pose a different contamination profile than chemical sources.
Wash all produce consumed raw thoroughly, especially leafy greens grown near CAFOs.
Check your specific parcel in Elba
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Elba average
Your land is one point inside Elba
Everything above resolves to Elba as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 651 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Elba Average
Elba Average
- ●USDA Zones 6a, averaged across Elba
- ●One soil character for all of Elba
- ●Frost dates read at Elba's scale: Apr 14 to Nov 7
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Elba's 6a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Elba
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Elba, New York — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Elba averages can't show:
We read public map data around Elba — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Elba average
How we know this about Elba
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Elba’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Elba
When does frost risk typically end in Elba?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Elba typically lands around Apr 14, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 5.
When is the first frost in Elba?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Elba typically arrives around Nov 7, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 24, so the watching starts about Oct 8 — about 207 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Elba?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Elba sees about 207 frost-free days — roughly Apr 14 through Nov 7, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 5 to Oct 24, about 172 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Elba?
The federal record around Elba is a meaningful one — 337 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (184), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Elba?
From about Oct 8 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Nov 7 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Nov 7. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Elba's scale — its 6a band and its 207-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Elba's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Elba’s own scale
7 of the readings below were taken at Elba's own scale — its own ~207-day season between 28°F freezes, the 651 acres it covers and 337 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Elba's own USDA hardiness band, zones 6aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Elba's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 14 and Nov 7 and the ~207-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 337 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Elba, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Elba's boundary and the 651 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 6a and a ~207-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Elba's own centroid, the Eastern Great Lakes LowlandsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- A documented spotted-lanternfly record within reach of Elbalydemapr (De Bona & Helmus), 10 km survey lattice
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Elba's 651 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Genesee County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Genesee County
- The growing challenges every New York grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom New York
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Genesee County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Elba's 651 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Elba you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 651 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Elba-wide figureread your own land →
More in New York
Wider growing context
What grows across New YorkElba sits outside our named growing regions, so New York as a whole is its closest context here.