Geneva, New York, sits in USDA hardiness zone 6b — enough range to grow cool-season vegetables, hardy fruit, and warm-season crops that mature before the first hard frost.
Well-matched crops include cabbage, hazelnut, lavender, and collard greens, and the gap between "grows in the area" and "grows in your yard" is closed by soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Geneva, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Geneva lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Geneva — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Geneva — the short answer
Geneva, New York: USDA zone 6b, about 213 days between hard freezes, across 3K acres of city.
- USDA zone
- 6b
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 9
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 8
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~213
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- City area
- 3K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 6b is Geneva's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Geneva's 213-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Geneva
Each reading below is measured for Geneva itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredGeneva runs about 213 days between hard freezes — a long growing season.
There is slack for succession plantings and slow-finishing crops: many vegetables can be sown twice, and the heat-lovers have time to ripen fully.
Plan a second sowing of quick crops after the first comes out, and use the fall window most gardeners let sit idle.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredGeneva sits in USDA hardiness zone 6b.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Geneva is in
Geneva sits in the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. That is read at Geneva's own centroid rather than borrowed from Ontario County.
What Grows in Geneva
Every plant below cleared Geneva's own zone 6b and its 213-day season. Each card opens that plant's New York profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Geneva?
Too late for some crops, right on time for others — a growing season is a sequence, not a deadline. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 12; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 9 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 8 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. With a season this long, “too late” mostly means “switch crops” — second sowings and a full fall garden are the norm, with garlic closing the year.
Documented around Geneva
Spotted lanternfly documented 5 miles from Geneva, first recorded 2022. What to watch for.
What's on the federal record near Geneva
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Geneva. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- NYSDOT BIN 1001939Brownfields · 700 ft
- RAYMOURS FURNITUREUnderground Storage Tanks · 950 ft
- SMITH OPERA HOUSEUnderground Storage Tanks · 1200 ft
- NYSDMNA - NEW YORK STATE ARMORYBrownfields · 1500 ft
- NYS DIV MILITARY & NAVAL AFFAIRSUnderground Storage Tanks · 1600 ft
- CITY OF GENEVA - 305 MAIN STREETUnderground Storage Tanks · 1600 ft
- NYNEXBrownfields · 1700 ft
- HOBART & WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGESUnderground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
- BYRNE DAIRY STOREUnderground Storage Tanks · 1900 ft
- SPYDERMAN'S BARUnderground Storage Tanks · 2000 ft
- COLLEGES OF THE SENECABrownfields · 2100 ft
- FAMILY DOLLAR STORE 2634Brownfields · 2300 ft
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Geneva's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Geneva.
Total Sites
406
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Risk Level
Elevated
Highest-severity
5 Superfund sites (none NPL-listed)
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Geneva
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Geneva, two things run higher than the national average within ~10 miles of Geneva — CAFO (38 sites) and PFAS (5 sites). It's not cause for alarm — it's worth knowing, and there's a sensible way to grow around it.
CAFO: CAFOs pose a different contamination profile than chemical sources.
PFAS: PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are called "forever chemicals" because they do not biodegrade.
Wash all produce consumed raw thoroughly, especially leafy greens grown near CAFOs.
Test irrigation water source — this is the primary pathway for PFAS to reach garden crops.
Check your specific parcel in Geneva
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Geneva average
Your land is one point inside Geneva
Everything above resolves to Geneva as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 3K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at city scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Geneva Average
Geneva Average
- ●USDA Zones 6b, averaged across Geneva
- ●One soil character for all of Geneva
- ●Frost dates read at Geneva's scale: Apr 9 to Nov 8
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Geneva's 6b
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Geneva
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Geneva, New York — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Geneva averages can't show:
We read public map data around Geneva — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Geneva average
How we know this about Geneva
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this city’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Geneva’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at city grain anywhere on this page — there is no city-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Geneva
When does frost risk typically end in Geneva?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Geneva typically lands around Apr 9, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about Apr 30.
When is the first frost in Geneva?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Geneva typically arrives around Nov 8, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 25, so the watching starts about Oct 9 — about 213 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Geneva?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Geneva sees about 213 frost-free days — roughly Apr 9 through Nov 8, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer Apr 30 to Oct 25, about 178 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Geneva?
The federal record around Geneva is a meaningful one — 406 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (198), the nearest Brownfields record about 0.1 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Geneva?
From about Oct 9 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Nov 8 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Nov 8. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Geneva's scale — its 6b band and its 213-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Geneva's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Geneva’s own scale
7 of the readings below were taken at Geneva's own scale — its own ~213-day season between 28°F freezes, the 2,697 acres it covers and 406 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Geneva's own USDA hardiness band, zones 6bUSDA PHZM 2023
- Geneva's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 9 and Nov 8 and the ~213-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 406 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Geneva, the closest Brownfields record about 0.1 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Geneva's boundary and the 2,697 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 6b and a ~213-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Geneva's own centroid, the Eastern Great Lakes LowlandsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- A documented spotted-lanternfly record within reach of Genevalydemapr (De Bona & Helmus), 10 km survey lattice
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Geneva's 2,697 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Ontario County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Ontario County
- The growing challenges every New York grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom New York
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Ontario County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Geneva's 2,697 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Geneva you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 2,697 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Brownfields record about 0.1 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Geneva-wide figureread your own land →
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