Generally — Most Areas
pistachio (zones 7-10) suits most of Missouri (5b-8a) — zones 7-8 are in range, and the rest of the state is the exception.
Pistachio in Missouri — the short answer
Pistachio in Missouri: hardy in zones 7–10, full sun, against a state median of ~219 frost-free days.
- Plant zones
- 7-10
- Manual horticultural correction (source not retained); NC State Extension and Missouri Botanical Garden, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation
- Missouri zones
- 5b-8a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Frost window
- Mar 27 - Apr 2 – Oct 31 - Nov 7
- NOAA RCC ACIS 1991-2020, 28°F
- Shortest county season
- 192 days
- NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020, county 28°F killing freeze
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS and university Extension sources — per-field provenance varies and is published with the dataset.
Your yard isn't the whole zone.
Missouri spans zones 5b-8a, but your yard sits in exactly one — and slope, tree cover, and cold-air pockets nudge it further. Enter your address and we'll score pistachio against your parcel's actual hardiness, soil, and sun.
We read public map data for this spot — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Missouri is not one climate
Missouri’s winter-low ladder runs across 115 counties, from zone 5.5 in Atchison County to zone 7.5 in Pemiscot County. That is 20°F between the two counties’ average coldest night — the difference between pistachio overwintering in the ground and coming under cover.
The middle half of 115 counties runs 6–7 zones, with a median of 6.5 zones — a 2-zone span end to end.
Measured across 115 Missouri counties. USDA PHZM 2023, per county. Quartiles are order statistics — every figure shown is a value a real county recorded, not an interpolation. Your own site sits somewhere inside this range; a parcel report resolves where.
Where in Missouri Fits Best
Pistachio is rated for zones 7–10 — a cold floor USDA puts at 0 to 10°F. Against Missouri’s 115 counties that band holds in 33 of them, and the line runs at Barry County (zone 7a), the coldest county still inside it.
Inside zones 7–10
33 counties
- Barton County · zone 7a
- Cape Girardeau County · zone 7a
- Carter County · zone 7a
3 of 33 shown
Below the zone 7 floor
82 counties
- Atchison County · zone 5b
- Harrison County · zone 5b
- Nodaway County · zone 5b
3 of 82 shown
Winter cold is the limit here — the same plant works in a container that comes under cover.
County hardiness zones: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) 2023, per county. A zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme minimum temperature, so the floor above is the band the plant's rating denotes, not a single measured kill point. Slope, shelter and cold-air drainage routinely move a site half a zone either way from its county figure — which is the part only your address resolves.
Even within Missouri's zones 5b-8a, county microclimates differ enough to change what thrives. These counties carry the closest zone match for pistachio (USDA PHZM 2023):
Zone Comparison
Pistachio Needs
- USDA Zones: 7-10
- Frost-Free Days: 150+
- Sun: Full Sun
- Mature size: 25 ft tall
- Drought tolerance: High
Missouri Has
- USDA Zones: 5b-8a
- Last Hard Freeze (28°F): Mar 27 - Apr 2
- First Hard Freeze (28°F): Oct 31 - Nov 7
- Annual Rainfall: 34-50 inches
- Common Soils: Silt loam, Clay loam, Loess
Plant Zone Range (zones 7-10)
Preferred Soil pH
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS, and university Extension sources — per-field provenance varies and is published with the dataset. State data: USDA ARS PHZM 2023, NOAA Climate Normals, NRCS SSURGO.
When to Plant Pistachio in Missouri
The frost window
Across Missouri, the last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Mar 27 and Apr 2, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 31 and Nov 7 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Counting from the latest last freeze to the earliest first freeze, that's a 212-day window you can count on — up to 225 days on a mild site in a kind year. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost, so tender transplants usually wait another 2-3 weeks.
Winter standing
Missouri runs as cold as USDA zone 5, and no sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for pistachio, so this page does not state whether it overwinters here — and gives no fall establishment date on the strength of a guess. Whether pistachio is a permanent planting or a replant-every-spring crop for you turns on your own zone within Missouri; check its hardiness range against that before treating it as long-lived ground.
Timing tuned to sub-state frost dates — Crawford County, not the statewide average.
Frost window: NOAA Climate Normals 1991-2020. Plant timing fields: Growable Ground Plant Database — frost-free days from FAO ECOCROP, days to harvest from university Extension production guides, and growing-degree-day and chill-hour minimums that are compilation estimates rather than published figures. Your site's own frost dates can run earlier or later than the state range — a parcel report pins them down.
Growing Season Fit
The zone check says pistachio survives winter in part of Missouri, not across all of it. Whether the season is long enough — and warm enough — is a different question.
Frost-free days
Pistachio wants 150+ frost-free days; a typical Missouri site sees ~219 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). That leaves comfortable headroom for succession planting.
Growing degree days
Pistachio needs ~3000 GDD (base 50°F) to ripen. The state median runs ~3770 GDD (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), so Missouri's typical season clears that easily.
Chill hours
Pistachio requires ~800 chill hours (32-45°F dormancy window). Missouri typically banks ~2500 chill hours per winter (from PRISM 1991-2020 climate normals), which keeps this plant on track.
GDD and chill-hour figures are computed from PRISM 1991-2020 monthly climate normals; frost-free days from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020. Each is the state median across its counties (P25/P75 span the within-state spread). Hardiness-zone range is USDA PHZM 2023.
Soil + Drainage Fit
Pistachio likes near-neutral soil (pH 6-8.5). That's the common-ground band across Missouri's silt loam and clay loam — a soil test confirms it for your site. It will grow across that whole span, but it does best between pH 7 and 8 — worth knowing before you decide whether a Missouri soil test result is a problem or just a number. Drainage matters: this plant wants well (dry spells). If your Missouri site is heavier clay or sits in a low spot, raised beds or amendment with compost solve it.
Your land, not the state average
SSURGO maps about 31.8% of Missouri as poorly or somewhat-poorly drained, and the class flips parcel to parcel. Pistachio tolerates drought well, so wet feet — not dry spells — is its real risk here — your soil map unit, not the state average, is the real answer.
Check your parcel → Source: USDA NRCS SSURGO.
Plant pH requirements: FAO ECOCROP and USDA PLANTS, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation. Drainage: FAO ECOCROP, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation. Missouri soil profile from USDA NRCS SSURGO. Site-specific verification: a 30-minute soil test from your local Extension lab.
Before you plant pistachio for food
Anything you grow to eat takes up what is in the ground it grows in, so what is on record near you is worth knowing before pistachio goes in. What follows is Missouri’s documented federal record at state scale — a screening signal, not a soil test, and not a statement about any one lot.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Missouri — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Missouri — 33,623 documented sites across 8 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 270 Superfund sites. Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
Missouri carries one of the heavier federal records we track — and that's not a verdict on your yard. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis: nothing here says any particular parcel is affected. It does earn one concrete step — before food beds go in the ground, a professional soil test tells you exactly what you're working with, and raised beds with clean imported soil grow well almost anywhere in the meantime.
Sources Checked
across Missouri
Severity Distribution
across Missouri
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Missouri, two things run higher than the national average across Missouri — Mining (4,339 sites) and CAFO (595 sites). Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
Mining: Mining sites — both historic and active — can leach heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury) into soil and water for centuries after operations cease.
CAFO: CAFOs pose a different contamination profile than chemical sources.
Test soil for heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury) — this is essential near any mining site.
Wash all produce consumed raw thoroughly, especially leafy greens grown near CAFOs.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What Else to Consider for Pistachio in Missouri
Zone compatibility tells you about winter cold survival — but Missouri growers also need to think about:
Highly variable weather with late frosts and early heat
Heavy clay soils in many regions
Ozark soils are thin and rocky
Growing pistachio here specifically
Pistachio needs sharp drainage and sends medium roots; its growing tissue takes cold to about 30°F (FAO ECOCROP), but in Missouri, about 31.8% of soils are poorly-drained (SSURGO), and standing water is what actually kills it.
Build pistachio up on a coarse, free-draining mound so its crown never sit in saturated soil. How to handle it →
What to actually do about these — and the constraints that apply to every Missouri grower, not just pistachio — is covered on the Missouri growing guide.
Timing shifts within Missouri
Missouri isn't one climate. In Crawford County, the last hard freeze (28°F) holds until about Apr 10 — roughly 12 days later than the recorded state median — so plant pistachio to your county's window, not the statewide date.
Pistachio needs about 150 days of frost-free season to complete its cycle. Even Crawford County — Missouri’s shortest season at 192 frost-free days — clears that by 42 days, so season length isn’t the constraint anywhere in Missouri. What varies is your own parcel.
Across Missouri’s 115 counties the frost-free season runs from 192 days in Crawford County to 258 days in Pemiscot County — a spread of 66 days, which is why a single statewide planting date misleads. The median Missouri county sees 219 frost-free days, leaving pistachio about 69 days of slack on a typical parcel — room for a second sowing where the season runs long.
County last-freeze dates and frost-free day counts: NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS (1991-2020), county 28°F freeze (earlier than the folk 32°F "last frost"). Pistachio's 150-day requirement: USDA PLANTS / Growable Ground plant database (minimum frost-free days). A parcel report resolves your address's own frost dates.
Missouri Cooperative Extension
For Missouri-specific cultivar recommendations, planting calendars, and pest pressure for pistachio, the canonical source is MU Extension. Their fact sheets carry the local trial data we can't generalize across 50 states.
Is Pistachio native to Missouri?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Pistachio as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of Missouri's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few Missouri natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
Looking for plants that belong here? The Missouri growing guide lists USDA-documented natives for the state.
Native-range data: USDA PLANTS Database state-distribution records, accessed 2026-07-01.
Common Questions About Growing Pistachio in Missouri
When can I plant Pistachio in Missouri?
Missouri's last spring hard freeze (28°F) clears between Mar 27 and Apr 2, and the first fall hard freeze lands between Oct 31 and Nov 7 (NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). No sourced winter-hardiness floor is on record for Pistachio, so this page does not state whether it overwinters in Missouri and publishes no fall establishment date for it — check its hardiness range against your own zone before treating it as a permanent planting.
What hardiness zone is Pistachio grown in across Missouri?
Missouri spans USDA hardiness zones 5b-8a (USDA ARS PHZM 2023). Pistachio carries a range of zones 7-10, so the overlap zones are where outdoor growing is most reliable.
How many frost-free days does a typical Missouri site have?
A typical Missouri site sees ~219 frost-free days per year (derived from NOAA Regional Climate Centers ACIS, 1991-2020). Pistachio needs 150+ frost-free days, so check whether your local microclimate runs above or below the state average before settling on a planting date. In cooler counties like Crawford, the freeze-free season runs shorter than the state average, so verify your own county's window.
Is Pistachio native to Missouri?
No — the USDA PLANTS Database lists Pistachio as introduced rather than native in the Lower 48, so it is not part of Missouri's native flora. It grows here as a garden plant; pairing it with a few Missouri natives keeps local pollinators fed too.
How should I amend the soil for Pistachio in Missouri?
Pistachio prefers pH 6-8.5 and well (dry spells) drainage (FAO ECOCROP). That sits in the common-ground band across Missouri soils — a 30-minute soil test from a local Extension lab confirms it for your specific site.
Will Pistachio actually grow on my specific land in Missouri?
State-level zone + climate data is a sketch. A Growable Ground parcel report scores pistachio against your address's exact soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost-date data drawn from USDA SSURGO, NOAA, and PRISM — not state averages.
Check your specific parcel in Missouri
State-level data is a sketch. Your Growable Ground report scores pistachio against your parcel's exact soil, sun, drainage, and frost data — not zone averages.
Three things about your lot that Missouri pistachio averages can't show:
We read public map data around Missouri — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Missouri pistachio average
Explore More
Growing guides for pistachio
Explore Missouri county by county
Missouri carries 115 counties with their own USDA zone — a sample of the growing pages for pistachio there:
Where else pistachio grows
Pistachio's zone band crosses state lines — these are the states closest to Missouri in winter climate where it also has a page, plus the far ends of its range. Each one re-answers the question with that state's own record.
More to grow in Missouri
Missouri has a growing page for 893 plants — a rotating sample of the rest of the shelf.
Analysis by the Growable Ground research team, grounded in USDA PLANTS, USDA NRCS SSURGO, NOAA Climate Normals (1991-2020), and named Cooperative Extension sources. How we know →
Cite this dataset
Kirchick, M. (2026). Growable Ground Plant Database [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21435643
Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21435643
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