Canaan, Indiana, sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a — a band that supports both cool-season staples and warm-season crops chosen to fit the local frost window.
Expect cabbage, hazelnut, lavender, and collard greens to be strong candidates here; the deciding factors on any one parcel stay local — soil, sun, and drainage.
Even in Canaan, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Canaan lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Canaan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Canaan — the short answer
Canaan, Indiana: USDA zone 6a, about 212 days between hard freezes, across 180 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 6a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 4
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 2
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~212
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 180 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 6a is Canaan's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Canaan's 212-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Canaan
Each reading below is measured for Canaan itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredCanaan runs about 212 days between hard freezes — a long growing season.
There is slack for succession plantings and slow-finishing crops: many vegetables can be sown twice, and the heat-lovers have time to ripen fully.
Plan a second sowing of quick crops after the first comes out, and use the fall window most gardeners let sit idle.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredCanaan sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Canaan is in
Canaan sits in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. That is read at Canaan's own centroid rather than borrowed from Jefferson County.
What Grows in Canaan
Every plant below cleared Canaan's own zone 6a and its 212-day season. Each card opens that plant's Indiana profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Canaan?
Rarely: the season closes in stages, not all at once, and each stage has its crops. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 7; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 4 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 2 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. Here the season winds down slowly: late sowings, a real autumn harvest, and garlic in the ground before the first hard freeze.
Documented around Canaan
Spotted lanternfly documented 20 miles from Canaan, first recorded 2021. What to watch for.
What's on the federal record near Canaan
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Canaan. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- GARDNERS STOREUnderground Storage Tanks · 1200 ft
- ELSIE FEWELLUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.1 mi
- FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.9 mi
- B & B OIL COMPANY STORM INCORPORATED NO 12Underground Storage Tanks · 3.1 mi
- NORTON KINGS DAUGHTERS' HEALTHBrownfields · 3.2 mi
- WILLIAM L THOMASUnderground Storage Tanks · 3.4 mi
- HANCE GROCERYUnderground Storage Tanks · 4.1 mi
- ABERDEEN PATE WATER COMPANY, INC.PFAS · 4.3 mi
- MADISON WATER DEPARTMENT, INPFAS · 5.0 mi
- KENT WATER COMPANYPFAS · 5.0 mi
- PATRIOT WATER DEPARTMENTPFAS · 5.0 mi
- CANAAN UTILITIESPFAS · 5.0 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Canaan's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Canaan.
Total Sites
144
within ~10 miles of Canaan
Risk Level
Elevated
Highest-severity
4 Superfund sites (none NPL-listed)
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Canaan
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Canaan
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Canaan, two things run higher than the national average within ~10 miles of Canaan — PFAS (5 sites) and Superfund (4 sites). Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
PFAS: PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are called "forever chemicals" because they do not biodegrade.
Superfund: Superfund sites represent the most severe contamination in the federal system.
Test irrigation water source — this is the primary pathway for PFAS to reach garden crops.
Commission professional soil testing before any food production (test for heavy metals, VOCs, and SVOCs).
Check your specific parcel in Canaan
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Canaan average
Your land is one point inside Canaan
Everything above resolves to Canaan as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 180 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Canaan Average
Canaan Average
- ●USDA Zones 6a, averaged across Canaan
- ●One soil character for all of Canaan
- ●Frost dates read at Canaan's scale: Apr 4 to Nov 2
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Canaan's 6a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Canaan
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Canaan, Indiana — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Canaan averages can't show:
We read public map data around Canaan — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Canaan average
How we know this about Canaan
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Canaan’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Canaan
When does frost risk typically end in Canaan?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Canaan typically lands around Apr 4, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about Apr 25.
When is the first frost in Canaan?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Canaan typically arrives around Nov 2, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Oct 19, so the watching starts about Oct 3 — about 212 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Canaan?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Canaan sees about 212 frost-free days — roughly Apr 4 through Nov 2, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer Apr 25 to Oct 19, about 177 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Canaan?
The federal record around Canaan is a meaningful one — 144 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (75), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Canaan?
From about Oct 3 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Nov 2 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Nov 2. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Canaan's scale — its 6a band and its 212-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Canaan's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Canaan’s own scale
7 of the readings below were taken at Canaan's own scale — its own ~212-day season between 28°F freezes, the 180 acres it covers and 144 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Canaan's own USDA hardiness band, zones 6aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Canaan's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Apr 4 and Nov 2 and the ~212-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 144 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Canaan, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Canaan's boundary and the 180 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 6a and a ~212-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Canaan's own centroid, the Eastern Corn Belt PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- A documented spotted-lanternfly record within reach of Canaanlydemapr (De Bona & Helmus), 10 km survey lattice
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Canaan's 180 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Jefferson County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Jefferson County
- The growing challenges every Indiana grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Indiana
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Jefferson County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Canaan's 180 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Canaan you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 180 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.2 miles out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Canaan-wide figureread your own land →
More in Indiana
Growing region
Nearby growing guides