Union, New Jersey, sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a — a zone band wide enough that plant choice, not possibility, is the interesting question.
Growers here do well with cabbage, hazelnut, california poppy, and collard greens — with the usual caveat that any single yard's soil, sun, and drainage cast the deciding vote.
Even in Union, no two yards are alike.
A low spot, a south-facing slope, or a stand of trees moves the frost date and sun across a single Union lot. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Union — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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Union — the short answer
Union, New Jersey: USDA zone 7a, about 239 days between hard freezes, across 163 acres of town.
- USDA zone
- 7a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Mar 25
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 19
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Days between freezes
- ~239
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F — this town
- Town area
- 163 acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are this town’s own 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 7a is Union's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Union's 239-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Soil varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
What this means for growing in Union
Each reading below is measured for Union itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Season length
MeasuredUnion runs about 239 days between hard freezes — a long growing season.
There is slack for succession plantings and slow-finishing crops: many vegetables can be sown twice, and the heat-lovers have time to ripen fully.
Plan a second sowing of quick crops after the first comes out, and use the fall window most gardeners let sit idle.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredUnion sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Union is in
Union sits in the Northern Piedmont — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. That is read at Union's own centroid rather than borrowed from Union County.
What Grows in Union
Every plant below cleared Union's own zone 7a and its 239-day season. Each card opens that plant's New Jersey profile. How we score.
Is it too late to plant in Union?
For most of the year, no — what changes is which crops still fit the days remaining. Cool-season crops can go in from around Feb 25; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Mar 25 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 19 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. There is slack in a calendar like this — late plantings, second rounds of favorites, and a fall bench that keeps beds working.
Documented around Union
Spotted lanternfly documented 2 miles from Union, first recorded 2019. What to watch for.
What's on the federal record near Union
Closest first, within ~10 miles of Union. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- CONNECTONE BANKUnderground Storage Tanks · 300 ft
- AMALANCH ASSOCIATESUnderground Storage Tanks · 650 ft
- UNIONVILLE CENTRAL OFFICE (21480)Underground Storage Tanks · 750 ft
- UNION FIRE DEPT TWPUnderground Storage Tanks · 850 ft
- EXXON CO USA #32573Brownfields · 850 ft
- ALBERT F BAUER INCUnderground Storage Tanks · 850 ft
- ELMWOOD AUTO SERVICEUnderground Storage Tanks · 1100 ft
- GOLD STAR GAS (FORMER)Underground Storage Tanks · 1300 ft
- UNION CENTER GETTYUnderground Storage Tanks · 1400 ft
- DELTA GAS STATIONUnderground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
- SGIT LLCUnderground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
- FLYING T INCUnderground Storage Tanks · 1700 ft
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Union's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Union.
Sources Checked
within ~10 miles of Union
Severity Distribution
within ~10 miles of Union
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Union, two things run higher than the national average within ~10 miles of Union — Superfund (166 sites) and Underground Storage Tanks (4,264 sites). Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
Superfund: Superfund sites represent the most severe contamination in the federal system.
Underground Storage Tanks: Underground storage tanks are the single most common source of soil contamination near homes and gardens.
Commission professional soil testing before any food production (test for heavy metals, VOCs, and SVOCs).
Use raised beds with imported soil — this eliminates the primary soil-contact pathway.
Check your specific parcel in Union
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Union average
Your land is one point inside Union
Everything above resolves to Union as a whole — one PHZM band and one 28°F frost record, read across 163 acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at town scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better local average.
Your Lot vs the Union Average
Union Average
- ●USDA Zones 7a, averaged across Union
- ●One soil character for all of Union
- ●Frost dates read at Union's scale: Mar 25 to Nov 19
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Union's 7a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your specific parcel in Union
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Union, New Jersey — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Union averages can't show:
We read public map data around Union — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Union average
How we know this about Union
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at this town’s own centroid; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at Union’s own record; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Soil is not read at town grain anywhere on this page — there is no town-resolution survey in our data, which is why you will find no soil grid here rather than a statewide one wearing a local label. The resolution ledger below names every figure this page inherited.
Common questions about Union
When does frost risk typically end in Union?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Union typically lands around Mar 25, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about Apr 15.
When is the first frost in Union?
The first hard freeze (28°F) in Union typically arrives around Nov 19, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — the point tender summer crops finish. Lighter frosts run ahead of it, near Nov 5, so the watching starts about Oct 20 — about 239 days after the spring freeze cleared.
How long is the growing season in Union?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Union sees about 239 frost-free days — roughly Mar 25 through Nov 19, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer Apr 15 to Nov 5, about 204 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Union?
The federal record around Union runs heavier than most — 6,715 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (4,264), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record under a tenth of a mile out — so test the soil before planting food in the ground, and raised beds with clean imported soil grow well in the meantime. Even here, proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what's recorded and where.
How do I protect my plants from frost in Union?
From about Oct 20 the job here turns from planting to protecting — the last start even a 30-day crop can finish. As the season closes around the first 28°F hard freeze near Nov 19 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals), three moves buy time: row cover or an old sheet over tender plants on still, clear nights; water the soil the afternoon before a freeze, so it holds warmth overnight; and harvest tomatoes, peppers and basil before Nov 19. Hardy greens and roots shrug off light frost and sweeten after it — leave them in.
Everything above is measured at Union's scale — its 7a band and its 239-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Union's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
What this page reads at Union’s own scale
7 of the readings below were taken at Union's own scale — its own ~239-day season between 28°F freezes, the 163 acres it covers and 6,715 documented sites around it; 4 are borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Union's own USDA hardiness band, zones 7aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Union's own 28°F hard-freeze dates, about Mar 25 and Nov 19 and the ~239-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- 6,715 documented contamination sites on the federal record near Union, the closest Underground Storage Tanks record under a tenth of a mile out from the town centreFederal environmental registers
- Union's boundary and the 163 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 7a and a ~239-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The ecoregion at Union's own centroid, the Northern PiedmontUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- A documented spotted-lanternfly record within reach of Unionlydemapr (De Bona & Helmus), 10 km survey lattice
Inherited from a wider read
- Soil character — no town-scale survey exists, so Union's 163 acres read through its county's SSURGO summaryfrom Union County
- Growing-degree days and winter chill — measured county-wide only, so the county page carries themfrom Union County
- The growing challenges every New Jersey grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom New Jersey
- Butterfly and beetle records, and the farmland pesticide estimate — all published county-widefrom Union County
What this page can’t tell you
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Union's 163 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which side of Union you're on — a low spot frosts first and a south wall warms early, and one normal is being asked to speak for all 163 acresreading your own microclimate →
- How close that record sits to YOUR lot — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record under a tenth of a mile out, measured from the town centrehow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — measured at your address, and averaged away by any Union-wide figureread your own land →