Powhatan County, in Virginia, sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a — a zone band wide enough that plant choice, not possibility, is the interesting question.
Crops well matched to these conditions include cabbage, hazelnut, california poppy, and collard greens — though what thrives on any one site still turns on its specific soil, sun, and drainage.
Powhatan County lies within the Piedmont — a regional growing area with its own character.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Powhatan County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Powhatan County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Powhatan County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Powhatan County — the short answer
Powhatan County, Virginia: USDA zone 7a, about 219 days between hard freezes, across 167K acres.
- USDA zone
- 7a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Mar 31
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 5
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~219
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 167K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 7a is Powhatan County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Powhatan County's 219-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat and winter chill in Powhatan County
Across a year, Powhatan County accumulates about 3,836 growing degree days above 50°F, about 102 more than the middle Virginia county — ahead of 75 of Virginia’s 133 counties. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Winter banks about 2,302 hours below 45°F, 136 fewer than the Virginia middle of 2,438. Chill is what tells a fruit tree its dormancy is over, and it is set by climate rather than by anything you can build.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Powhatan County
Across Powhatan County, the ground is predominantly Ultisols, where Cecil, Pacolet, and Appling are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally well drained with a fine sandy loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 5.3–5.5, strongly acidic. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group B soils.
Soil order
Ultisols
Drainage
Well drained
Prime farmland
44%
Hydric soils
4%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Powhatan County
The USDA soil survey maps 76% of Powhatan County as well drained — but another 23% drains differently: 12% moderately well drained, 6% somewhat poorly drained.
Cecil is the most extensive named soil at 32% of mapped acres, then Pacolet (11%) and Appling (8%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Powhatan County
Each reading below is measured for Powhatan County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Powhatan County are well drained, in hydrologic group B — ground that drains quickly.
The upside is soil you can work early in spring and roots that never drown; the cost is that fast-draining ground dries out fast and leaches nutrients away before plants can use them.
Work in compost and mulch to hold moisture and feed, and water more often in short doses than deep and rarely.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Powhatan County runs about pH 5.3–5.5, on the acidic side.
Blueberries, potatoes, and rhododendrons thrive in it, but most vegetables start locking out nutrients below about pH 6.0 and grow pale and stunted no matter how much you feed them.
A measured lime application raises pH for the crops that need it — but test first, because the right rate depends on your own soil, not the county average.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredPowhatan County runs about 219 days between hard freezes — a long growing season.
There is slack for succession plantings and slow-finishing crops: many vegetables can be sown twice, and the heat-lovers have time to ripen fully.
Plan a second sowing of quick crops after the first comes out, and use the fall window most gardeners let sit idle.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredPowhatan County sits in USDA hardiness zone 7a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Powhatan County is in
Powhatan County sits in the Piedmont — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. One consistent ecological setting across the whole county.
What Grows in Powhatan County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Powhatan County's own USDA zone 7a and its own 219-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's Virginia profile.
Is it too late to plant in Powhatan County?
Rarely: the season closes in stages, not all at once, and each stage has its crops. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 3; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Mar 31 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 5 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. Here the season winds down slowly: late sowings, a real autumn harvest, and garlic in the ground before the first hard freeze.
Documented around Powhatan County
Spotted lanternfly documented 12 miles from Powhatan County, first recorded 2021. What to watch for.
- Japanese beetle1 documented records
- monarch butterfly3 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Powhatan County
USGS estimates 8,215 lb of Glyphosate on Powhatan County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Metolachlor & Metolachlor-s (3,994 lb) and Metolachlor-s (2,980 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Powhatan County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Powhatan County — 79 documented sites across 6 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 1 Toxics Release Inventory facility. Active industrial facilities reporting chemical releases to air, water, and land.
The federal record across Powhatan County is a modest one — a typical footprint for a growing area. Nothing here calls for alarm; it's worth knowing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and each one on the map carries its type and location. If one turns out to be a near neighbor, a one-time soil test settles the question.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Powhatan County
Closest first, across Powhatan County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- MURPHY'S BODY SHOPBrownfields · 1200 ft
- Brown Chevrolet Olds IncorporatedUnderground Storage Tanks · 1900 ft
- A T and T PowhatanUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.6 mi
- A S MontagueUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.6 mi
- Waldrons StoreUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.6 mi
- VDOT Powhatan Area HeadquartersUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- VDOT POWHATAN AREA HEADQUARTERBrownfields · 0.7 mi
- Powhatan County School Bus GarageUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- RC Goodwyn and Sons LumberUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.9 mi
- POWHATAN ARMORYBrownfields · 1.0 mi
- Adams Oil CompanyUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.1 mi
- Red BarnUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.2 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Powhatan County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Powhatan County.
Total Sites
79
across Powhatan County
Risk Level
Moderate
Highest-severity
1 Toxics Release Inventory facility
Sources Checked
across Powhatan County
Severity Distribution
across Powhatan County
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Powhatan County, Underground Storage Tanks runs higher than the national average — 60 sites across Powhatan County. Knowing it is half the work — and it's nothing a thoughtful grower can't plan for.
Underground Storage Tanks: Underground storage tanks are the single most common source of soil contamination near homes and gardens.
Use raised beds with imported soil — this eliminates the primary soil-contact pathway.
Check your specific parcel in Powhatan County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Powhatan County average
Your land is one point inside Powhatan County
Everything above resolves to Powhatan County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 167K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Powhatan County Average
Powhatan County Average
- ●USDA Zones 7a, averaged across Powhatan County
- ●One soil character for all of Powhatan County
- ●Frost dates read at Powhatan County's scale: Mar 31 to Nov 5
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Powhatan County's 7a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Powhatan County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Powhatan County, Virginia — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Powhatan County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Powhatan County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Powhatan County average
How we know this about Powhatan County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Powhatan County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Powhatan County
When does frost risk typically end in Powhatan County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Powhatan County typically lands around Mar 31, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about Apr 21.
How long is the growing season in Powhatan County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Powhatan County sees about 219 frost-free days — roughly Mar 31 through Nov 5, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer Apr 21 to Oct 22, about 184 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Powhatan County?
The federal record around Powhatan County shows 79 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (60), the nearest Brownfields record about 0.2 miles out — a typical footprint for a growing area, and proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. It's worth seeing which recorded sites sit closest to where you grow, and testing the soil before new food beds near any of them.
Everything above is measured at Powhatan County's scale — its 7a band and its 219-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Powhatan County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads Virginia's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Powhatan County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Powhatan County's own scale — its own ~219-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 79 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Powhatan County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 7aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Powhatan County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~219-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Powhatan CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 79 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest Brownfields record about 0.2 miles outFederal environmental registers
- Powhatan County's boundary and the 166,529 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 7a and a ~219-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- Powhatan County sitting wholly inside the PiedmontUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Powhatan County for 2 tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Powhatan County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every Virginia grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Virginia
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Powhatan County — the ~219 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Powhatan County's 166,529 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 79 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Powhatan Countyread your own land →