Bay County, in Michigan, sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a — a zone band wide enough that plant choice, not possibility, is the interesting question.
Reliable performers under these conditions include cabbage, hazelnut, lavender, and collard greens; what your own ground favors still comes down to its soil, sun, and drainage.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Bay County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Bay County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Bay County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Bay County — the short answer
Bay County, Michigan: USDA zone 6a, about 199 days between hard freezes, across 283K acres.
- USDA zone
- 6a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 16
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Nov 1
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~199
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 283K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 6a is Bay County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Bay County's 199-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat in Bay County
Across a year, Bay County accumulates about 2,355 growing degree days above 50°F, about 255 more than the middle Michigan county — ahead of 53 of Michigan’s 83 counties. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Bay County
Across Bay County, the ground is predominantly Mollisols, where Tappan, Londo, and Selfridge are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally poorly drained with a loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 6.3–7.5, neutral. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group C/D soils.
Soil order
Mollisols
Drainage
Poorly drained
Prime farmland
9%
Hydric soils
55%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Bay County
The USDA soil survey maps 48% of Bay County as poorly drained — but another 46% drains differently: 40% somewhat poorly drained, 4% very poorly drained.
Tappan is the most extensive named soil at 36% of mapped acres, then Londo (13%) and Selfridge (10%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Bay County
Each reading below is measured for Bay County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Bay County are poorly drained, in hydrologic group C/D — ground that sheds water slowly.
Beds can stay saturated for days after heavy rain, and the roots of most vegetables, berries, and fruit trees suffocate or rot in soil that never drains.
Raised beds or mounded rows lift roots above the wet zone; choose water-tolerant crops for the lowest spots.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Bay County runs about pH 6.3–7.5, close to neutral.
This is the range most vegetables prefer — one correction you probably do not have to make, which is genuinely good news for a new bed.
Keep it there with compost rather than lime or sulfur, and only amend if your own soil test says otherwise.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredBay County runs about 199 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredBay County sits in USDA hardiness zone 6a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Bay County is in
Bay County spans 2 EPA Level III ecoregions — Huron/Erie Lake Plains (91%) and Northern Lakes and Forests (10%). Which one your land falls in changes what grows wild there and how the ground behaves, and a county-wide answer cannot tell you which.
What Grows in Bay County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Bay County's own USDA zone 6a and its own 199-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's Michigan profile.
Is it too late to plant in Bay County?
Usually not — gardeners here simply switch what goes in the ground as the season moves. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 19; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 16 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Nov 1 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
Documented around Bay County
Survey cells within 31 miles of Bay County checked for spotted lanternfly, none carrying a detection — a surveyed negative, not an absence of looking. Nearest documented record 83 miles off. What to watch for.
- Japanese beetle10 documented records
- monarch butterfly46 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Bay County
USGS estimates 169,911 lb of Glyphosate on Bay County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Metolachlor & Metolachlor-s (39,519 lb) and Metolachlor-s (33,285 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Bay County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Bay County — 748 documented sites across 6 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 6 Superfund sites. Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
There's a meaningful federal record across Bay County — worth a look before you plant food, not a reason to hold back from growing. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. A soil test before new food beds is the sensible precaution here, and the map shows exactly which sites sit where, so you can see what's actually near you.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Bay County
Closest first, across Bay County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- J. Wm. SchmidtUnderground Storage Tanks · 0.7 mi
- MI DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE (S09-09035)Brownfields · 0.9 mi
- PINES TRUCK ACCESSORIES LLCBrownfields · 1.6 mi
- Former LaLonde Auto SalvageUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.6 mi
- Suburban PropaneUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- Linwood Concrete Pipe CorpUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.9 mi
- LINWOOD TOOL COBrownfields · 2.2 mi
- Halms Country StoreUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.3 mi
- VILLAGE TOWING & RECOVERY INCBrownfields · 2.3 mi
- INTERNATIONAL TRANSMISSION COMPANY LLCBrownfields · 2.4 mi
- Central Michigan LumberUnderground Storage Tanks · 2.4 mi
- Dores Store #8Underground Storage Tanks · 2.6 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Bay County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Bay County.
Sources Checked
across Bay County
Severity Distribution
across Bay County
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Bay County, PFAS runs higher than the national average — 9 sites across Bay County. That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
PFAS: PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are called "forever chemicals" because they do not biodegrade.
Test irrigation water source — this is the primary pathway for PFAS to reach garden crops.
Check your specific parcel in Bay County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Bay County average
Your land is one point inside Bay County
Everything above resolves to Bay County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 283K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Bay County Average
Bay County Average
- ●USDA Zones 6a, averaged across Bay County
- ●One soil character for all of Bay County
- ●Frost dates read at Bay County's scale: Apr 16 to Nov 1
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Bay County's 6a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Bay County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Bay County, Michigan — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Bay County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Bay County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Bay County average
How we know this about Bay County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Bay County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Bay County
When does frost risk typically end in Bay County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Bay County typically lands around Apr 16, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 7.
How long is the growing season in Bay County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Bay County sees about 199 frost-free days — roughly Apr 16 through Nov 1, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 7 to Oct 18, about 164 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Bay County?
The federal record around Bay County is a meaningful one — 748 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (350), the nearest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.7 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
Everything above is measured at Bay County's scale — its 6a band and its 199-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Bay County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads Michigan's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Bay County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Bay County's own scale — its own ~199-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 748 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Bay County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 6aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Bay County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~199-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Bay CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 748 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest Underground Storage Tanks record about 0.7 miles outFederal environmental registers
- Bay County's boundary and the 283,142 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 6a and a ~199-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The 2 ecoregions Bay County spans, Huron/Erie Lake Plains the largestUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Bay County for 2 tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Bay County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every Michigan grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Michigan
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Bay County — the ~199 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Bay County's 283,142 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 748 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Bay Countyread your own land →