Richland County, in North Dakota, sits in USDA hardiness zone 4a — room for a real mix of vegetables, fruit, and perennials matched to the local frost calendar.
On paper, cabbage, cranberry, turkish rocket, and collard greens all suit these conditions — on the ground, soil, sun, and drainage make the final call.
Richland County lies within the Red River Valley — a regional growing area with its own character.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Richland County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Richland County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Richland County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Richland County — the short answer
Richland County, North Dakota: USDA zone 4a, about 170 days between hard freezes, across 919K acres.
- USDA zone
- 4a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 23
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 10
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~170
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 919K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 4a is Richland County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Richland County's 170-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat in Richland County
Across a year, Richland County accumulates about 2,223 growing degree days above 50°F, about 310 more than the middle North Dakota county — ahead of every other North Dakota county. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Richland County
Across Richland County, the ground is predominantly Mollisols, where Fargo, Wyndmere, and Forman are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally somewhat poorly drained with a loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 7.0–7.5, neutral. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group C soils.
Soil order
Mollisols
Drainage
Somewhat poorly drained
Prime farmland
34%
Hydric soils
35%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Richland County
The USDA soil survey maps 38% of Richland County as somewhat poorly drained — but another 62% drains differently: 26% poorly drained, 19% moderately well drained.
Fargo is the most extensive named soil at 12% of mapped acres, then Wyndmere (7%) and Forman (4%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Richland County
Each reading below is measured for Richland County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Richland County are somewhat poorly drained, in hydrologic group C — ground that sheds water slowly.
Beds can stay saturated for days after heavy rain, and the roots of most vegetables, berries, and fruit trees suffocate or rot in soil that never drains.
Raised beds or mounded rows lift roots above the wet zone; choose water-tolerant crops for the lowest spots.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Richland County runs about pH 7.0–7.5, close to neutral.
This is the range most vegetables prefer — one correction you probably do not have to make, which is genuinely good news for a new bed.
Keep it there with compost rather than lime or sulfur, and only amend if your own soil test says otherwise.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredRichland County runs about 170 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Winter hardiness
MeasuredRichland County sits in USDA hardiness zone 4a.
The zone sets which perennials, shrubs, and fruit trees live through an average winter here — a plant rated for a colder zone is a safe bet, one rated warmer needs winter protection or gets treated as an annual.
Match perennials and fruit to the zone before you buy, so nothing you plant is a gamble against the cold.
USDA PHZM 2023
The kind of country Richland County is in
Richland County spans 2 EPA Level III ecoregions — Lake Agassiz Plain (87%) and Northern Glaciated Plains (13%). Which one your land falls in changes what grows wild there and how the ground behaves, and a county-wide answer cannot tell you which.
What Grows in Richland County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Richland County's own USDA zone 4a and its own 170-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's North Dakota profile.
Is it too late to plant in Richland County?
Usually not — gardeners here simply switch what goes in the ground as the season moves. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 26; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 23 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 10 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. The tail of the season still works: sixty-day crops into late summer, quick greens after, garlic last of all.
Documented around Richland County
- monarch butterfly1 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Richland County
USGS estimates 591,287 lb of Glyphosate on Richland County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Metolachlor & Metolachlor-s (259,775 lb) and Metolachlor-s (218,267 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Richland County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Richland County — 357 documented sites across 6 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 1 Superfund site. Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
There's a meaningful federal record across Richland County — worth a look before you plant food, not a reason to hold back from growing. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. A soil test before new food beds is the sensible precaution here, and the map shows exactly which sites sit where, so you can see what's actually near you.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Richland County
Closest first, across Richland County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- 132-050-10BCCNitrate · 2300 ft
- 132-050-06DCBNitrate · 2.9 mi
- 132-049-08CABNitrate · 3.9 mi
- 132-050-31BBBNitrate · 5.1 mi
- 133-050-10DDDNitrate · 5.3 mi
- 131-049-05BBBNitrate · 6.0 mi
- David Goerger FarmUnderground Storage Tanks · 6.6 mi
- Joes Gas and OilUnderground Storage Tanks · 7.0 mi
- 133-049-23DCBNitrate · 7.1 mi
- Dakota Plains CooperativeUnderground Storage Tanks · 7.2 mi
- GUTZMER SCRAPToxics Release Inventory · 7.3 mi
- LTK LLCToxics Release Inventory · 7.3 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Richland County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Richland County.
Sources Checked
across Richland County
Severity Distribution
across Richland County
Highest-Severity Sites
A note from Gnorman
What an experienced grower watches for around here
In and around Richland County, Nitrate runs higher than the national average — 244 sites across Richland County. That's not a problem with your land — it's information about it.
Nitrate: Nitrate contamination primarily comes from agricultural fertilizer runoff and failing septic systems.
Test well water for nitrate if you rely on a private well for irrigation (EPA standard: 10 mg/L).
Check your specific parcel in Richland County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Richland County average
Your land is one point inside Richland County
Everything above resolves to Richland County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 919K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Richland County Average
Richland County Average
- ●USDA Zones 4a, averaged across Richland County
- ●One soil character for all of Richland County
- ●Frost dates read at Richland County's scale: Apr 23 to Oct 10
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Richland County's 4a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Richland County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Richland County, North Dakota — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Richland County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Richland County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Richland County average
How we know this about Richland County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Richland County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Richland County
When does frost risk typically end in Richland County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Richland County typically lands around Apr 23, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 14.
How long is the growing season in Richland County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Richland County sees about 170 frost-free days — roughly Apr 23 through Oct 10, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 14 to Sep 26, about 135 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Richland County?
The federal record around Richland County is a meaningful one — 357 documented sites, mostly Nitrate entries (244), the nearest Nitrate record about 0.4 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
Everything above is measured at Richland County's scale — its 4a band and its 170-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Richland County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads North Dakota's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Richland County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Richland County's own scale — its own ~170-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 357 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Richland County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 4aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Richland County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~170-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Richland CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 357 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest Nitrate record about 0.4 miles outFederal environmental registers
- Richland County's boundary and the 918,831 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 4a and a ~170-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- The 2 ecoregions Richland County spans, Lake Agassiz Plain the largestUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Richland County for a tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Richland County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every North Dakota grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom North Dakota
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Richland County — the ~170 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Richland County's 918,831 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 357 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Richland Countyread your own land →