Washington County, in Wisconsin, sits in USDA hardiness zone 5a — room for a real mix of vegetables, fruit, and perennials matched to the local frost calendar.
Expect cabbage, cranberry, lavender, and collard greens to be strong candidates here; the deciding factors on any one parcel stay local — soil, sun, and drainage.
Grounded in USDA PHZM 2023 · Growable Ground suitability scoring · NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
Washington County holds more than one microclimate.
Soils and elevations shift across Washington County, so your frost dates and drainage aren't the county average. Enter your address and we'll score 1,086 plants against your land's actual soil, sun, and frost.
We read public map data around Washington County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
No card required · your full report in seconds
Washington County — the short answer
Washington County, Wisconsin: USDA zone 5a, about 172 days between hard freezes, across 276K acres.
- USDA zone
- 5a
- USDA PHZM 2023
- Last hard freeze (28°F)
- Apr 26
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- First hard freeze (28°F)
- Oct 15
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- Days between freezes
- ~172
- NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, 28°F
- County area
- 276K acres
- US Census TIGER/Line 2025
Every figure names the dataset it came from. Hard-freeze dates are county 28°F normals: light frosts run a few weeks past them, and tender transplants usually wait 2–3 weeks after the last hard freeze.
Hardiness Zone Range
Zone 5a is Washington County's average, not your lot's — a low corner or a tree line moves it. Against Washington County's 172-day season, see what your own ground reads.
Heat in Washington County
Across a year, Washington County accumulates about 2,104 growing degree days above 50°F, about 46 fewer than the middle Wisconsin county — ahead of 29 of Wisconsin’s 72 counties. Degree days are the heat a crop actually gets to work with — more of them is more room to ripen a long-season crop before the freeze closes the window.
Grounded in PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University — 1991–2020 monthly normals
Soil in Washington County
Across Washington County, the ground is predominantly Alfisols, where Theresa, Casco, and Houghton are the most extensive named soil series. The soil is generally well drained with a silt loam surface. Topsoil pH runs about 6.5–7.2, neutral. Rainfall drains through hydrologic group C soils.
Soil order
Alfisols
Drainage
Well drained
Prime farmland
36%
Hydric soils
22%
Soil still varies lot by lot — soil types explained.
How the ground varies across Washington County
The USDA soil survey maps 47% of Washington County as well drained — but another 51% drains differently: 11% very poorly drained, 11% poorly drained.
Theresa is the most extensive named soil at 12% of mapped acres, then Casco (9%) and Houghton (7%).
Which of them your own lot sits on is a parcel question, not a county one. Check your address for the survey at your boundary.
What this means for growing in Washington County
Each reading below is measured for Washington County itself — here is what it means for a garden here, and the move an experienced grower makes about it.
Drainage
MeasuredThe dominant soils across Washington County are well drained, in hydrologic group C — ground that drains quickly.
The upside is soil you can work early in spring and roots that never drown; the cost is that fast-draining ground dries out fast and leaches nutrients away before plants can use them.
Work in compost and mulch to hold moisture and feed, and water more often in short doses than deep and rarely.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Surface pH
MeasuredTopsoil across Washington County runs about pH 6.5–7.2, close to neutral.
This is the range most vegetables prefer — one correction you probably do not have to make, which is genuinely good news for a new bed.
Keep it there with compost rather than lime or sulfur, and only amend if your own soil test says otherwise.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Wet ground
MeasuredAbout 22% of Washington County is mapped as hydric — wetland — soil.
If your lot falls in one of those pockets, a standard in-ground bed will fight waterlogging all season, and roots that need air will struggle.
Check how your own ground drains before you dig; raised beds or moisture-loving plantings turn a wet corner from a problem into a niche.
USDA NRCS SSURGO
Season length
MeasuredWashington County runs about 172 days between hard freezes — a moderate growing season.
There is room for the full run of cool-season crops plus a warm-season main crop, but the calendar is tight enough that a late spring or early fall frost still decides how much finishes.
Time warm-season transplants to your last hard freeze, and a few weeks of season extension turns a near-miss harvest into a sure one.
NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
The kind of country Washington County is in
Washington County sits in the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains — EPA Level III, inside the wider Eastern Temperate Forests. One consistent ecological setting across the whole county.
What Grows in Washington County
We scored all 1,086 plants against Washington County's own USDA zone 5a and its own 172-day season between hard freezes, using the same matching engine that runs a full parcel report. These cleared both. Sun, soil pH and drainage vary lot by lot — those are the parcel questions below. Each card opens that plant's Wisconsin profile.
Is it too late to plant in Washington County?
Almost never — the real question is what to plant next. Cool-season crops can go in from around Mar 29; tender transplants wait until two to three weeks after the last 28°F hard freeze, which lands near Apr 26 (NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals); and from midsummer, planting counts back from the first fall freeze around Oct 15 — long-season crops need about 90 days of runway, quick greens only 30. As the window narrows, the plantings just get faster — fall brassicas, then greens, then garlic to finish.
Documented around Washington County
- Japanese beetle1 documented records
- monarch butterfly8 documented records
Sighting records, so they follow observers as much as insects.
What gets applied to farmland in Washington County
USGS estimates 78,423 lb of Glyphosate on Washington County farmland in 2019, its largest by weight, ahead of Metolachlor & Metolachlor-s (27,636 lb) and Metolachlor-s (24,174 lb).
Farmland across the whole county, not any one lot. Check your address for the site-by-site record.
Safe to Grow Here?
What the federal record shows across Washington County — and how to grow with it.
We checked the federal record across Washington County — 1,228 documented sites across 7 of the 9 source types we track.
The most significant on record: 7 Superfund sites. Sites tracked in EPA's Superfund program — from assessment-stage CERCLIS entries to confirmed National Priorities List cleanup sites.
There's a meaningful federal record across Washington County — worth a look before you plant food, not a reason to hold back from growing. Proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard. A soil test before new food beds is the sensible precaution here, and the map shows exactly which sites sit where, so you can see what's actually near you.
Sources: EPA, USGS — 1.8M documented sites tracked nationwide across 9 federal source types.
What's on the federal record near Washington County
Closest first, across Washington County. Listing isn't leaking, and distance isn't exposure.
- CEDAR LAKE CAMPUS PHARMACYBrownfields · 2400 ft
- WN-11/19E/29-0363Nitrate · 0.6 mi
- WN-11/19E/29-0470Nitrate · 0.6 mi
- WEST BEND COUNTRY CLUBBrownfields · 1.0 mi
- HOWARD BAUERUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.0 mi
- R Douglas ZieglerUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.1 mi
- MACLAY REAL ESTATEUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.1 mi
- ARVONUS REALTY COUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.1 mi
- ZNN SPORTS ZONEUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.3 mi
- HACKER LANDINGUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.3 mi
- West Bend CemeteryUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.5 mi
- KEITHS RESORT & MARINAUnderground Storage Tanks · 1.6 mi
6 more sites are on the record inside the same radius. See them on the map
Measured from Washington County's center, not your beds. Run your own address for what's upwind of you specifically.
Environmental Intelligence
The counts behind that headline — every source type on the record near Washington County.
Sources Checked
across Washington County
Severity Distribution
across Washington County
Highest-Severity Sites
Know Before You Grow
- •Underground tanks leak petroleum as they age — near a former filling station, test the soil.
- •Near a brownfield, raised beds of imported soil give your food clean ground.
- •On a private well, test for nitrates: above 10 mg/L the water needs treatment before irrigating.
Check your specific parcel in Washington County
Get exact proximity distances to contamination sources for your specific parcel — plus soil, sun, drainage, and 1,086 plant recommendations.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Washington County average
Your land is one point inside Washington County
Everything above resolves to Washington County as a whole — one PHZM band and one county frost record, read across 276K acres. Your parcel is one point inside that footprint. Slope, tree cover, a low spot that pools cold air, and what is in the soil are all resolved at the address, and none of them are visible at county scale. That is the honest boundary of this page, and the reason the next step is a reading of your own ground rather than a better county average.
Your Lot vs the Washington County Average
Washington County Average
- ●USDA Zones 5a, averaged across Washington County
- ●One soil character for all of Washington County
- ●Frost dates read at Washington County's scale: Apr 26 to Oct 15
YOUR Parcel
- ✓Your exact zone, not Washington County's 5a
- ✓Your SSURGO soil type & pH
- ✓Your sun exposure, cast in 3D
See MY Growing Report
Read your parcel in Washington County
Pull a site-specific report for your exact address in Washington County, Wisconsin — soil, sun, drainage, frost risk, and scored plant recommendations.
Three things about your lot that Washington County averages can't show:
We read public map data around Washington County — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
25+ data sources read at your address, not the Washington County average
How we know this about Washington County
The datasets: hardiness from the USDA ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, read at county grain; hard-freeze dates from NOAA 1991–2020 28°F normals at this county’s own record where one resolves, and the labelled statewide window where none does; soils from the USDA NRCS SSURGO survey, area-weighted across the county’s own map units; boundaries and acreage from US Census TIGER/Line 2025; the contamination and pesticide records from the federal sources named in their beats above. Where Washington County carries no record of its own, the figure is inherited and labelled — the resolution ledger below names each.
Common questions about Washington County
When does frost risk typically end in Washington County?
The last hard freeze (28°F) in Washington County typically lands around Apr 26, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals — earlier than the light-frost dates most charts quote. That marks the hard freeze, not the last light frost — lighter frosts keep biting past it, which is why tender transplants here wait until about May 17.
How long is the growing season in Washington County?
Measured between 28°F hard freezes, Washington County sees about 172 frost-free days — roughly Apr 26 through Oct 15, per NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals. Tender crops work a shorter one: nearer May 17 to Oct 1, about 137 days.
Is the soil safe to grow vegetables in Washington County?
The federal record around Washington County is a meaningful one — 1,228 documented sites, mostly Underground Storage Tanks entries (566), the nearest Brownfields record about 0.4 miles out — so a soil test before new food beds is a sensible precaution here, not a reason to hold back from growing. Remember that proximity to a documented site is information, not a diagnosis of any one yard; the contamination map shows exactly what sits where.
Everything above is measured at Washington County's scale — its 5a band and its 172-day season. Your yard writes its own version of Washington County's numbers: we read soil, sun, drainage and frost at your exact address. Try it for 14 days — no card required.
Will It Grow Here?
Zone fit is the first question — each answer below reads Wisconsin's frost window, season length, and soil profile against the plant's real requirements.
What this page reads at Washington County’s own scale
9 of the readings below were taken at Washington County's own scale — its own ~172-day span between 28°F freezes, the 3 most extensive soil series mapped here and 1,228 documented sites inside its boundary; one is borrowed from a wider read, named and linked below.
Measured here
- Washington County's own USDA hardiness band, zones 5aUSDA PHZM 2023
- Washington County's own 28°F hard-freeze dates and its ~172-day span between themNOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals
- The soil order, drainage, surface pH, and the 3 most extensive named soil series mapped in Washington CountyUSDA NRCS SSURGO
- 1,228 documented contamination sites inside the county boundary, distance-sorted from its center — the closest Brownfields record about 0.4 miles outFederal environmental registers
- Washington County's boundary and the 275,612 acres inside itUS Census TIGER/Line 2025
- Which of 1,086 plants clear zones 5a and a ~172-day seasonGrowable Ground crop-matching engine
- Washington County sitting wholly inside the Southeastern Wisconsin Till PlainsUS EPA Level III Ecoregions
- Open occurrence records documented in Washington County for 2 tracked speciesGBIF derived datasets (CC0 / CC BY 4.0)
- Which agricultural compounds go onto Washington County farmland, and roughly how muchUSGS NAWQA EPest county estimates
Inherited from a wider read
- The growing challenges every Wisconsin grower plans around — written at state scale, so they stay on the state guidefrom Wisconsin
What this page can’t tell you
- How the season shifts across Washington County — the ~172 days above is one reading at its centre; the 12 towns below each carry their owntowns in this county →
- The soil pH, drainage, sun hours, and frost pockets on any one lot among Washington County's 275,612 acreswhy one lot differs from the next →
- Which of those 1,228 documented sites actually reaches your soil — that needs your address, the wind, and the groundwater directionhow we read the record →
- Where cold air settles, which slopes face the sun, and which way the wind runs on your own ground — none of it survives being averaged over Washington Countyread your own land →