Eggplant is a perennial grown for its fruit, ready to harvest about 75 days after planting. It's hardy across USDA zones 2 through 12 and stands up to deer. Its indeterminate flowers are a moderate draw for native bees, even though the fruit is the prize. As a nightshade, give it a fresh bed each year — away from where its relatives just grew — so the soil-borne pests and diseases of the family never get a foothold.
Eggplant — the short answer
Eggplant: grown in zones 2–12, full sun, pH 4.3–8.5, about 75 days to maturity.
- USDA zones
- 2–12
- Manual horticultural correction (source not retained); NC State Extension and Missouri Botanical Garden, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation
- Soil pH
- 4.3–8.5
- FAO ECOCROP
- Sun
- Full Sun
- Growable Ground Plant Database
- Days to Maturity
- 75 days
- Cornell; UMass-Veg
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS and university Extension sources — each tile names its own row's source, because per-field provenance varies.
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What Eggplant is
Eggplant grows as a perennial and reaches around three feet at maturity. It blooms in indeterminate. It's also deer-resistant.
How to grow Eggplant
Eggplant grows in USDA zones 2 through 12 and is ready to harvest about 75 days after planting. Eggplant does best in full sun — at least 6 hours of direct sun a day — and soil from pH 4.3 to 8.5, on well-drained ground. It needs around 2,400 growing degree days to mature and a growing season of at least 70 frost-free days, which is why climate matters as much as soil.
USDA Zones
2-12
USDA PHZM 2023
Soil pH
4.3 - 8.5
FAO ECOCROP
Sun
Full Sun
Growable Ground plant catalog
Drainage
well (dry spells)
Growable Ground plant catalog
Minimum Growing Temperature
48.2°F
Below this it stops growing rather than dies — a pace limit, not a survival limit.
FAO ECOCROP
Days to Maturity
75 days
Eggplant; from transplant, indoor 8-10wk standard.
Cornell; UMass-Veg
GDD Required
2400+
Growing degree-days of accumulated warmth it needs to mature — humid summers reach this faster than cool coastal ones.
Growable Ground plant catalog
Mature Height
3 ft
Growable Ground plant catalog
Frost-Free Days
70+
The frost-free stretch it needs start to finish — short-season areas may need an indoor head start.
Growable Ground plant catalog
Start the season right
Plant eggplant in full sun with at least 6 hours of direct sun, once the soil has warmed and frost risk has passed.
Match the soil
Eggplant prefers pH 4.3 to 8.5 (FAO ECOCROP). A quick soil test from your local Extension lab tells you whether to add lime or sulfur to land in band.
Water steadily
Keep the root zone evenly moist through establishment. A 2–3 inch mulch layer holds moisture without waterlogging.
Harvest at maturity
Eggplant is ready about 75 days after planting (Cornell; UMass-Veg). Pick when the fruit is full-colored and parts easily from the stem.
Where Eggplant thrives
On hardiness alone, eggplant grows across most of the country — its range (USDA zones 2 through 12) is unusually wide. Zone is only the starting point, though: the soil pH, drainage, and frost dates on your specific land decide how well it actually does.
A USDA zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme winter minimum, so zones 2–12 spans average winter lows from -50°F to 60°F (USDA PHZM 2023). Across the 50 states and DC, that band covers 49 outright and splits 2 more down the middle — and which side of that line your land sits on changes the answer.
Two different numbers hide in that range: zones 2–12 is where eggplant is GROWN, but it survives winter in the ground only down to zone 9 (NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox; Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder). Colder than that, it is grown as an annual or brought under cover.
Zones 2–12·Where Eggplant growsOpen map →
Continental US shown — Alaska and US Pacific territories sit outside the federal map's polygon dataset.
Where Eggplant stands, state by state
Eggplant is rated for zones 2–12 — a cold floor USDA puts at -50 to -40°F. Across the 50 states and DC, 49 sit fully inside that band, the line runs through 2 more, and 0 sit outside it — and inside every split state, the same line runs on at county grain.
Fully inside zones 2–12
49 states
3 of 49 shown
State zone extents: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) 2023. A zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme minimum temperature, so a state that splits the band contains the boundary — its own page draws the county line, and a parcel report resolves which side your land sits on.
What grows around Eggplant
Growing guides for eggplant
In rotation planning, eggplant counts as a Nightshade — beds recover best when nightshade crops don’t follow each other in the same spot year over year. (Growable Ground derivation — crop-rotation group from botanical family)
Related plants in vegetable
Good to know
One caution for pet owners — eggplant is toxic to dogs and cats (mild severity). Keep it out of reach, and call ASPCA Animal Poison Control at (888) 426-4435 in an emergency. (Source: ASPCA.)
Eggplant offers moderate value to bees and other pollinators. (Source: Xerces Society.)
Before you harvest eggplant, know your soil
Anything you grow to eat takes up what's in the ground it grows in, so it's worth knowing what's documented near you before you plant eggplant for food. Our free screen reads 9 federal source types across roughly 1.8M indexed sites and shows which sit near your address and which way they drain. It's a screening estimate from public records and proximity — not a soil test — so a nearby record means a soil test is worth it, not that your soil is unsafe.
Your land is one point inside Eggplant's range
This page resolves to the species. Your state page draws the county line, and a report reads the parcel — the soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost dates on your exact ground, which no species average can see.
See if Eggplant will thrive on your land
Zone averages are a start. Your exact soil pH, drainage, sun exposure, and frost dates shape whether eggplant actually takes — we score it against the real conditions at your address.
Three things about your exact spot that zone averages miss:
We read public map data for this spot — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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How we know this about Eggplant
The figures above are cited per row, not per site: the pH band names this plant’s own source column, the three temperature figures each carry their own, and days-to-maturity cites the publication that actually lists it. All of it comes from the Growable Ground Plant Database — a compilation over FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS, and university Extension sources, published openly with per-field provenance.
Grounded inUSDA PLANTS Database•USDA PHZM•ASPCA
Frequently asked questions
Can I grow Eggplant in my zone?
Eggplant grows in USDA hardiness zones 2 through 12 (USDA PHZM 2023). Zone is one factor — soil pH, drainage, and frost dates on your specific parcel also shape whether it takes.
How long does Eggplant take to grow?
Eggplant is ready to harvest about 75 days after planting (Cornell; UMass-Veg). Your local frost dates and soil temperature move that window earlier or later.
When should you plant Eggplant?
Most growers plant eggplant after the last spring frost, once the soil has warmed, leaving enough of the season for its 70-day frost-free need. Your local frost dates set the exact window — a Growable Ground report reads them for your address.
How much sun does Eggplant need?
Eggplant needs full sun — a spot that catches at least 6 hours of direct summer sun a day. In more shade it still grows, but usually gives a smaller, later crop. The catch is that a yard rarely gets even light everywhere — a fence, the house, or one tall tree can quietly take those hours. A Growable Ground report reads the real sun-hours across your land, canopy and buildings included, so you can pick the brightest bed before you plant.
What soil does Eggplant need?
Eggplant prefers soil pH 4.3 to 8.5, on well-drained ground (FAO ECOCROP). Your report scores your parcel's actual soil against that using USDA SSURGO data.
Does Eggplant attract pollinators?
Yes — eggplant's flowers are a solid nectar source for native bees. (Source: Xerces Society.)
Is Eggplant safe for pets?
Eggplant is toxic to pets (dogs,cats) with mild severity. Keep it out of reach, and call ASPCA Animal Poison Control at (888) 426-4435 in an emergency. (Source: ASPCA.)