Ethiopian Mustard is a cover crop — grown to build and protect the soil rather than for a harvest of its own. It's hardy across USDA zones 4 through 10. Its late spring flowers are a moderate draw for honeybees and native bees.
Ethiopian Mustard — the short answer
Ethiopian Mustard: grown in zones 4–10, full sun, pH 5–8.5, about 90 days to maturity.
- USDA zones
- 4–10
- Manual horticultural correction (source not retained); NC State Extension and Missouri Botanical Garden, with the remaining rows from other published sources or Growable Ground compilation
- Soil pH
- 5–8.5
- FAO ECOCROP
- Sun
- Full Sun
- Growable Ground Plant Database
- Days to Maturity
- 90 days
- Growable Ground Plant Database
- Frost-kill temp (growing season)
- 25°F
- Growable Ground Plant Database
Plant data: Growable Ground Plant Database, compiled from FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS and university Extension sources — each tile names its own row's source, because per-field provenance varies.
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Zone averages can't see the slope, soil, frost, and sun that decide whether ethiopian mustard actually takes — and those shift from one yard to the next. Enter your address and we'll score ethiopian mustard against your land's real conditions.
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What Ethiopian Mustard is
Ethiopian Mustard grows as an annual or biennial and reaches around four feet at maturity. It blooms in late spring.
How to grow Ethiopian Mustard
Ethiopian Mustard grows in USDA zones 4 through 10. Ethiopian Mustard does best in full sun — at least 6 hours of direct sun a day — and soil from pH 5 to 8.5, on well-drained ground. It needs around 1,400 growing degree days to mature, which is why climate matters as much as soil.
USDA Zones
4-10
USDA PHZM 2023
Soil pH
5 - 8.5
FAO ECOCROP
Sun
Full Sun
Growable Ground plant catalog
Drainage
well (dry spells)
Growable Ground plant catalog
Frost Kill Temperature
25°F
Where cold starts killing growing tissue. Not a winter-survival floor — a dormant perennial takes far colder, which its hardiness zone answers.
Growable Ground Plant Database
Minimum Growing Temperature
41°F
Below this it stops growing rather than dies — a pace limit, not a survival limit.
FAO ECOCROP
Days to Maturity
90 days
Growable Ground plant catalog
GDD Required
1400+
Growing degree-days of accumulated warmth it needs to mature — humid summers reach this faster than cool coastal ones.
Growable Ground plant catalog
Mature Height
4 ft
Growable Ground plant catalog
Frost-Free Days
0+
The frost-free stretch it needs start to finish — short-season areas may need an indoor head start.
Growable Ground plant catalog
Start the season right
Plant ethiopian mustard in full sun with at least 6 hours of direct sun. It grows in the cool halves of the year, so sow it in spring or late summer rather than waiting for midsummer heat.
Match the soil
Ethiopian Mustard prefers pH 5 to 8.5 (FAO ECOCROP). A quick soil test from your local Extension lab tells you whether to add lime or sulfur to land in band.
Water steadily
Keep the root zone evenly moist through establishment. A 2–3 inch mulch layer holds moisture without waterlogging.
Turn it in before it seeds
Cut ethiopian mustard down or turn it into the soil before it sets seed, while the growth is still green — that's when it returns the most to the ground.
Where Ethiopian Mustard thrives
Ethiopian Mustard is hardy across USDA zones 4 through 10. Zone is only the starting point, though: the soil pH, drainage, and frost dates on your specific land decide how well it actually does.
A USDA zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme winter minimum, so zones 4–10 spans average winter lows from -30°F to 40°F (USDA PHZM 2023). Across the 50 states and DC, that band covers 38 outright and splits 13 more down the middle — and which side of that line your land sits on changes the answer.
Zones 4–10·Where Ethiopian Mustard growsOpen map →
This map is derived from the USDA ARS / PRISM Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023) and is not the official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
Where Ethiopian Mustard stands, state by state
Ethiopian Mustard is rated for zones 4–10 — a cold floor USDA puts at -30 to -20°F. Across the 50 states and DC, 38 sit fully inside that band, the line runs through 13 more, and 0 sit outside it — and inside every split state, the same line runs on at county grain.
Fully inside zones 4–10
38 states
3 of 38 shown
State zone extents: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) 2023. A zone is a 10°F band of average annual extreme minimum temperature, so a state that splits the band contains the boundary — its own page draws the county line, and a parcel report resolves which side your land sits on.
What grows around Ethiopian Mustard
Growing guides for ethiopian mustard
In rotation planning, ethiopian mustard counts as a Brassica — beds recover best when brassica crops don’t follow each other in the same spot year over year. (Growable Ground derivation — crop-rotation group from botanical family)
Good to know
Good news for pet owners — ethiopian mustard isn't known to be toxic to dogs or cats. (Source: ASPCA.)
Ethiopian Mustard offers moderate value to bees and other pollinators. (Source: Pollinator Partnership.)
Your land is one point inside Ethiopian Mustard's range
This page resolves to the species. Your state page draws the county line, and a report reads the parcel — the soil pH, drainage, sun, and frost dates on your exact ground, which no species average can see.
See if Ethiopian Mustard will thrive on your land
Zone averages are a start. Your exact soil pH, drainage, sun exposure, and frost dates shape whether ethiopian mustard actually takes — we score it against the real conditions at your address.
Three things about your exact spot that zone averages miss:
We read public map data for this spot — soil, climate, flood, and parcel records. How we handle your address.
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How we know this about Ethiopian Mustard
The figures above are cited per row, not per site: the pH band names this plant’s own source column, the three temperature figures each carry their own, and days-to-maturity cites the publication that actually lists it. All of it comes from the Growable Ground Plant Database — a compilation over FAO ECOCROP, USDA PLANTS, and university Extension sources, published openly with per-field provenance.
Grounded inUSDA PLANTS Database•USDA PHZM•ASPCA
Frequently asked questions
Can I grow Ethiopian Mustard in my zone?
Ethiopian Mustard grows in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 10 (USDA PHZM 2023). Zone is one factor — soil pH, drainage, and frost dates on your specific parcel also shape whether it takes.
When should you plant Ethiopian Mustard?
Ethiopian Mustard is a cool-season crop, so it goes in during the cool halves of the year — early spring, and again in late summer for a fall planting — rather than at the height of summer heat. Your local frost dates set the exact window — a Growable Ground report reads them for your address.
How much sun does Ethiopian Mustard need?
Ethiopian Mustard needs full sun — a spot that catches at least 6 hours of direct summer sun a day. In more shade it still grows, but usually gives a smaller, later crop. The catch is that a yard rarely gets even light everywhere — a fence, the house, or one tall tree can quietly take those hours. A Growable Ground report reads the real sun-hours across your land, canopy and buildings included, so you can pick the brightest bed before you plant.
What soil does Ethiopian Mustard need?
Ethiopian Mustard prefers soil pH 5 to 8.5, on well-drained ground (FAO ECOCROP). Your report scores your parcel's actual soil against that using USDA SSURGO data.
Does Ethiopian Mustard attract pollinators?
Yes — ethiopian mustard's flowers are a solid nectar source for honeybees and native bees. (Source: Pollinator Partnership.)
Is Ethiopian Mustard safe for pets?
Ethiopian Mustard is not known to be toxic to dogs or cats based on available data. Always supervise pets around new plantings. (Source: ASPCA.)
Keep exploring Ethiopian Mustard
Ethiopian Mustard state by state
Every state ethiopian mustard's zone reaches — 12 link straight to that state's ethiopian mustard growing page; the rest open the state's full growing guide.